Tag: underground

At least three Ancient Antarctica Pyramids Underground City’s Found

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A team of researchers are claiming that they have discovered three ancient pyramids on the ice covered continent of Antarctica. Exact details are sketchy, but the team have released three intriguing pictures of their discovery.

The international team comprises researchers from the United States, and several other, are from various European countries. Two of the huge pyramid structures were found approximately 10 miles inland, the third one not far from the coastline, clearly visible from ocean.

Can it be possible that Antarctica was once warm enough in the recent past to actually have had an ancient civilization living there?  And even more perplexing is the question of if an advanced culture did develop there, are there any structures still remaining that are buried underneath the ice?  Amazingly a team of researchers is making the claim that they have found evidence of several ancient pyramids on the ice covered continent of Antarctica.

The team are currently planning an expedition to reach one of the pyramids to find out if it is a natural or an artificial structure. No further Details have been reported from the team as of 29 August 2012. More news is pending. Im undecided on this one guys until further confirmation, so as always you decide.

Underground Pyramid base entrance, maybe.  One thing I can tell you is that what you are seeing is the Antarctic Triangle.  Put in to hide whats really there.  Underground City‘s they dont want you to know about or to find.  I have done some research and what I have found is other groups have tried to go to the Antarctic to find its secrets and have not returned or if they have will not talk about what they have found!

Have the Russian team inadvertently stumbled across something not meant to be seen, somethingburied many years ago by Aliens or earthly forces? Hopefully they will reveal all when they eventuallymanage to make contact… but in the world of conspiracy and secrets people have a habit of turningup dead.

A Russian team trying to reach the alien structure discovered by a roving satellite miles below the Antarctica  ice only have a limited period each year when work in the region is possible.
They last contacted their base on January 30th this year and they are now down to less than 48 hoursbefore temperatures fall to the lethal level and escape would be impossible!
The scientists carry Iridium satellite phones for communication, but there are black spots.
At the moment, nobody knows what has happened to them!
Read on for the full story.

In 1947 the US Navy under Admiral Byrd conducted Operation High Jump. The expedition to Antarctica involved 4000 naval personnel and 13 huge ships, including several large airplanes and helicopters. The goal was to map and catalog all of the coastline of the continent, including minerals and wildlife. The entire expedition was to last 6 months.

During the expedition a base was established at Little America, a coastal bay, and a tent city was constructed where aircraft could be maintained for the survey. Several teams of explorers were sent out to various corners of Antarctica with large format cameras for the photographic survey. When the crew photographing the region directly Southwest of the Australian continent arrived for their mission they were shocked. They radioed back that the coastal region was free of ice and that the water was 38F. They continued to take photographs and later returned to process the images.

Immediately after this event the entire expedition was halted and all ships and Naval personnel were made to return to the States. The results of the mission are still classified, after 60 years. Only Admiral Byrd, who was interviewed by a Chilean journalist on his trip home from the expedition, commented on the sudden return home. He stated that there was a danger which this expedition had encountered that posed a threat to every nation in the free world. He declined to elaborate on this.

http://rense.com/general32/aryan.htm   

For five years, the Germans carried out work for the creation of a secret project code-named “Base-211,” This has been determined by several independent experts. By the end of WWII, the Germans already had nine scientific enterprises where “flying disk” projects were tested. Many scientists are positive that at least one of these Third Reich enterprises was transferred to the Antarctic. Famous researchers of the Third Reich’s Antarctic mysteries, R. Vesko, V. Terziysky, and D. Childress, claim that from 1942, thousands of concentration camp prisoners, prominent scientists, pilots, politicians with their families, and members of the Hitlerjugend were taken to the South Pole via submarine. Some scientists believe that a German base still remains in the Antarctic. Moreover, it is even said that there is an underground Aryan city called New Berlin, which has a population of two million people.

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/antarctica/antartica12.htm

Representatives of three occult societies, “Thule”, “Vril” and “Ahnenerbe”, ran those projects.
Famous researchers of the Third Reich’s Antarctic mysteries, R.Vesko, V.Terzisky, and D.Childress, claim that from 1942, thousands of concentration camp prisoners, prominent scientists, pilots, politicians with their families, and members of the Hitlerjugend were taken to the South Pole via submarine. Some scientists believe that a German base still remains in the Antarctic. Moreover, it is even said that there is an underground Aryan city called New Berlin, which has a population of two million people.

This has been determined by several independent experts. By the end of WWII, the Germans already had nine scientific enterprises where “flying disk” projects were tested. Many scientists are positive that at least one of these Third Reich enterprises was transferred to the Antarctic.

An ancient hi-tech “city” nicknamed “Rainbow City” was reportedly discovered in Antarctica by a small group of American researchers in the late 1940’s.

Reportedly an on-site staff of 2000 was later stationed there to study the ancient mechanical devices, the operation of time-space portals, holographic records, and an ancient underground ‘rail’ system with Rainbow City being the central hub. Antigravity craft are also reportedly being used by the researchers.

~The Hefferlin Manuscript; Rainbow City and the Inner Earth People, by Timothy Green Beckley

Conspiracy theorists recall the rumor, following WWII, of Nazi bases that were established in Antarctica. Other stories say that the Nazis contacted and were working with a group of extra-terrestrials and that there is an huge underground base there.

We’re not sure whether or not this is a base, but it does look un-natural and somehow maintained free of ice. We welcome any suggestions or comments.

Besides these images, the team is remaining pretty silent with their discovery until more research can be conducted on these pyramids.  I was able to obtain some small bits of information from a friend of one of the team members though.  The team is made up of 8 explorers from America and several European countries.  Two of the pyramid structures were found approximately 10 miles inland while the third one was very close to the coastline.  The team is currently planning an expedition to physically reach at least one of the pyramids to determine if it is natural or artificial.  No time frame was given as to when this expedition will be taking place though.

So, what is your opinion on these pyramids?  Are we on the verge of perhaps one of biggest archaeological discoveries ever or are these structures nothing but natural formations?  Be sure to stay tuned to this one ……

Read more: http://scienceray.com/biology/man-made-ancient-pyramids-found-on-antarctica/#ixzz26bi9AdbA

http://www.viewzone.com/antarcticbase.html

With google-earth we now have the ability to see the coast line of Antarctica in great detail from satellite images. We see the coast that was photographed, as well as some mountains that are free of ice or snow. We can see the ice breaking up in this region as if melting from some source of heat. But what’s more remarkable is that we can see some kind of an entrance.

The image above is readily available to anyone using google-earth and the coordinates provided. I suggest you try to examine this location at an angle instead of just straight down, and maintain the true North. The entrance appears to be about 180 feet wide by 230 feet high. Outside there are some straight surfaces which appear man made.

Related articles
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Lake Ontario has Secret Underwater Military Base

 

English: Map of Lake Ontario. Category:Michiga...
English: Map of Lake Ontario. Category:Michigan maps (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 

Recently I was talking with two different sources that will remain anonymous to protect the identification from possible government prosecution about Underground area 51 sites around the world.  I was told that Lake Ontario had one from Co-worker who was an ex Marine who was a Military Police who protected that base.  It was said that if threat of Nuclear War ever broke out that this is one the place that the US president would go.  He said that the area is protected by the US Coast Guard and US Military.

 

The second source is a friends mother who dated a high up government official who bragged to her about this secret underwater military base, under Lake Ontario that he was aware of,  He said that if anything was to happen during the Cold war with the Russians   like a Nuclear War was to go hot that he and his family would be protected from nuclear fall out at that underwater base!

 

Now I have no first hand knowledge of this underwater base only hearsay, but I have no reason to believe that these two people would have any reason to lie to me or about this place.  Neither of these people knew of each other and about talking to me about this underwater base.  So I have done some of my own research into this topic and have given my research results on this blog post.  Happy hunting!  If you have any evidence or knowledge of this please feel free to contact me about this and we can add your info to this post!

 

This section copied from http://fierycelt.tripod.com/CdrX.html

 

According to Malcolm Williams, researcher for the Northeastern UFO Organization, infrared photos taken in the dark of night from the shores of Lake Ontario show all sorts of anomalies which cannot be either conventional aircraft or meteorological phenomena. Taken on various occasions, the photos show a pattern of lights in the sky which are definitely under intelligent control as they zig zag from one position to another in the heavens. One photo shows an object actually resting on top of the water, apparently about ready to make a plunge beneath Lake Ontario.

 

Many of the photos taken by Malcolm Williams, a former member of the Royal Astronomical Association, were done from a position which would indicate that the main area of interest is over the lake between Oakville and Toronto. This theory is supported by Harry Picken, an aeronautical engineer, pilot, and past president of Genair Ltd., a St. Catharine’s aircraft research firm. Picken, who owns a home right on the banks of the lake, has been keeping tabs on the aerial movements near his property for years. One of the most peculiar things the engineer has noticed is that the lights are usually orange, a color foreign to aircraft lights. “The orange color indicates to me a high sodium content in the light source. Sodium is never used in conventional aircraft lighting,” he further points out.

 

Both Harry Picken and Malcolm Williams believe that the UFO activity over Lake Ontario is somehow related to the fact that a high voltage hydro generating station is located at nearby Lakeview. The UFOs have been seen repeatedly to lift up from the lake and head in the direction of the plant.

 

Over the years, many odd occurrences have taken place in and around Lake Ontario. In his book, “The Great Lakes Triangle,” Jay Gourley tells of several air mishaps in this very locale, adding substance to the theory that something totally “alien” is operating in and around this body of water.

 

“There is little doubt that the pilot of the twin jet CF-101 Canadian Air Force interceptor, number 18112, knew he was in trouble on August 23, 1954,” Gourley states in his well researched reference work on the subject. “He was near Ajax, Ontario, on the north shore of Lake Ontario. He bailed out. He explained later that the aircraft became impossible to control. Publicly, the Canadian Defense Headquarters refused to reveal the cause of the accident. The official cause is classified secret. I have seen this secret file. It says the scientists who studied the case could not determine what caused the jet to become unmanageable.” It could be that UFOs utilizing highly magnetized equipment beneath the surface could have accidentally or purposely pulled the aircraft out of the sky.

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.ufodigest.com/article/lake-shining-waters-%E2%80%93-historical-perspective

 

 

United States Coast Guard Seal, in correct PMS...
United States Coast Guard Seal, in correct PMS colors. This emblem shall only be used in accordance with the Coast Guard Heraldry Manual, and is not to be reproduced commercially without prior approval of the U.S. Coast Guard. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 

Satellite photo of Round Lake, Renfrew County,...
Satellite photo of Round Lake, Renfrew County, Ontario. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 

Early map of Lake Ontario
Early map of Lake Ontario (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 

Lake Ontario NASA
Lake Ontario NASA (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 

A retired secret service agent admits to the public about the underground tunnel system at 5:10 in this video:

 

 

Related articles

 

 

 

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Do you have your Underground bases ready for 2012 Better safe than sorry!

Are you ready for Dec 21, 2012 have you got your bug-out pack good to go!

Military underground bases for sale are increasingly known nowadays due to their potential in developing many of the world’s industries. It can be used in many different fields if you may only consider the benefits that it can offer. It can provide much of the security and the safety needed by almost everyone. The only downside that we may consider in these structures is the fact that they are really expensive. They can cost millions of dollars but it can be assured that what you are spending for will be worth it. It is said that these military underground bases for sale are worth the investment.From being a potential home to that being a potential business facility, military underground bases for sale can be considered as a great breakthrough in the field of infrastructure development.

20th Century Castles, LLC offers several decommissioned missile base properties.  They have sold 57 of these sites as of January 2012 and They are proud to offer these below.  If you are interested in learning more, They offer site-specific video tours of most of the properties we offer.  A video tour is worth 10,000 words and are a prerequisite to an onsite inspection.

http://www.missilebases.com/

About them!
Ed and Diana Peden Edward and Dianna Peden live in a refurbished Atlas E site near Topeka, Kansas, and by the spring of 1995 were attracting considerable media interest. Because of the outpouring of interest from others wanting to purchase similar properties, they formed a company called “20th Century Castles”.  So named because the properties are the hardened defense-works of this century, modern counterparts to the medieval castles of Europe. 
Subterra Entrance As media exposure continued to expand worldwide, the company began extensive research to locate all of the first generation sites that were built throughout the U.S. We found many properties to be owned by cities, counties, school districts, water companies and other commercial entities. About half the properties are privately owned. We have contacted many owners and negotiated to acquire Option-to-Purchase wherever possible. By the spring of 1996, 20th Century Castles offered 12 properties for sale.  Over the years our company has gained more Options and made sales to establish us as the leader in this unique market.  
The company is operated by Ed and Dianna Peden from their underground office near Topeka, KS. At this time 49 properties have been sold and the Pedens plan to continue in the specialized marketing niche even as properties dwindle in availability.

 

 

If you are serious about any of these properties, select your favorite, purchase its video and after you have watched it, feel free to contact Ed Peden at: info@missilebases.com or ph. 785-256-6029. 
Atlas F site - Adirondack State Park

Cutaway view of the home above and below ground

                                     

      Atlas F site 

Upstate NY’s Adirondack State Park

20 acres (or more). Most highly developed Atlas F site, part of exclusive airport subdivision on (FAA approved) 2050′ runway,  Low taxes. Privacy, security, and, unlimited possibilities. NO other like it anywhere.

Drastic Price Reduction!  

Reduced from $4.6 million to $750,000!

Click here for more photos and info.

Click here to order the video tour of this exceptional property

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Nike site - Northern Maine

Nike Site Cincinatti Newly Available!
Nike site 

Northern Maine (Near New Brunswick, Canadian border)

17+ acres, surrounded by gorgeous farmland, original high security barbed wire fencing intact. Property has original well and newer pump with water lines to barracks, house, shop and pump house. Surface buildings are in good condition with rubber roofs, insulation, heat, power and working bathrooms. Barracks building is converted into a 3-bedroom apartment. Current owners have lived on property nearly 20 years and have planted trees, fruit orchards, shrubs and hedges.

Price $349,000. 

Click here for more photos and info.

 

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Nike site - SE Indiana

Nike Site Cincinatti Price Reduction!
Nike site 

Southeastern Indiana (near Cincinnati) 

14 + acres.  45 min drive to the Cincinnati airport.  Has three underground missile magazines 5,000 sq. ft. each.  One missile magazine is converted to residential with a kitchen, 4 BR, 2 bath, exercise room, jacuzzi and indoor swimming pool. Another is converted into a shop and garage. High security fencing, paved access and 4 stall horse barn.

Price Reduction!  now $1,350,000.

Price $1.5 million

Click here for more photos and info.Click here to order a video tour of this site.

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Nike site - SW Ohio

Nike Site Under Contract
Nike site 

Southwestern Ohio (near Cincinnati) 

14.57 acres, ideally situated to Cincinnati.
Surrounded by beautiful farmland and nice homes; situated near a nice equestrian arena, Cowan Lake, and other outdoor sport and adventure areas.

.

Price $279,000.

Click here for more photos and info.

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Titan II site - near Tucson, AZ

Titan II missile base picture Titan II site

 Tucson, AZ (near)

14 total acres on a secluded desert setting with mountain views and surrounded by state land.  The heaviest built, strongest structure available. Cost $20 million 1960’s dollars to build.  Video available.

Price: $540,000.  (travel fee of $250. to show)

Click here to order a video tour of this site.  

Click here for more photos and info.

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Atlas F, Central Kansas

            

Atlas F property

Central Kansas (near Abilene, KS)

This Atlas F site sits on 10 (m/l) acres. It is one of the best undeveloped sites we have seen.  The top floor of Launch Control (!,200 sq ft) is open, usable, painted and has single phase electrical. A quonset is currently a machine shop with an office, bathroom and shower. A residential trailer is on the property for living space.

Click here for more info and pictures.

Click here to order the video for this site.

Price $349,000.

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Atlas E site - Osage City, KS

 Atlas E in operation     Atlas E Property

Osage City, KS (commuting distance to Topeka,KS)

This Atlas E site has 25 acres (more or less) and paved access. It has rural water and an electrical system on site and ready for re-connection. The perimeter is enclosed with barbed wire fence.  The Atlas E “coffin style” structure is the best missile site type for retrofit use. This site has 15,000 sq. ft of hardened underground floor space.

Price:  $285,000.

Click here for more info.

Pictures and video of the Osage City site available soon. (Shown to the left is a picture of an Atlas E during the 1950’s time of active use, Kansas location.)

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Atlas E site - Bushong, KS

 Atlas E in operation     Atlas E Property

Bushong, KS (10 miles east of Council Grove, KS)    Newly Available!  

This Atlas E site has 23 acres (more or less) with partial paved access. There are two water well sites and the sewage lagoon system is in place.  This site has been salvaged but has lots of heavy concrete structures remaining.

Price:  $185,000.

Click here for more info.

Pictures and video of the Bushong, KS site available soon. (Shown to the left is a picture of an Atlas E during the 1950’s time of active use, Kansas location.)

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Communications Bunker - Russell, KS

this site is cleaned up and ready for your creativity Communications Bunker site

 Russell, KS

Communications bunker with 8,800 sq. ft. of nuclear hardened underground floor-space.  13.1 acres m/l. 177 ft. tower with income potential.  Structure is clean and ready for immediate use with some new paint and tile work.   Creative financing possible with significant down payment.  

Price Reduced!  ($750,000.)  now $550,000.

Click here to order a video tour of this site.  

Click here for more photos and info.

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Communications Vault - Paris, MO

Paris, MO Communications Vault

Paris, Missouri  

Hardened Underground Communications Vault on 13 acres (more or less), built in the 1960’s as a nuclear war-proof communications center, 8,200 sq. ft. usable floor space.  Good neighbors.  Near Mark Twain recreational lake. Excellent for underground home or secure document storage facility. 

Price: firm at $295,000. for cash sale

Click here to order the video tour of this site.

Click here for more info and photos.

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Titan 1 site - outside of Denver, CO

Titan 1 Missile Site, Denver Titan 1 site

 Denver, CO (20 minutes outside of city)

210 total acres. Very rare piece of history – only 18 built. Massive 45,000 + sq. ft. of underground floor-space. Many unique possibilities for commercial or private usage. Serious and capable buyers only. 

Price: $2,800,000.

Click here to order a video tour of this site.  

Click here for more photos and info.

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Atlas F site - Lewis, NY

partnership Partnership/Investment Opportunity
Atlas F site

Lewis, NY (Adirondack Park)

This Atlas F site in the Adirondack Park is already under development by Australian owner, seeking free-spirited, compatible partner/investor for further development into a unique (M.A.S.H. theme) entertainment venue suitable for dance parties and other profitable commercial uses. Detailed development plans with cost and profit analysis are available for examination.

Seeking investment for 50% ownership rights
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Sensors Pick up Huge Underground Pyramid in Alaska’s Bermuda Triangle Located between Noam and Mcinelly mountain.

Daniel J Leach

Create Your Badge
Original Report from: www.earthfiles.com

Could the discovery of a Huge Underground Pyramid in Alaska’s mysterious Bermuda Triangle region be the cause of thousands of missing people?   On May 22 1992 Chinese Set Off Their Biggest Nuclear Explosion weapons testing program.  A huge underground pyramid was identified during the ,Chinese underground test it was much larger than the Great Pyramid at Giza. On Coast to Coast, ex Military intel analyst Douglas A. Mutschler contacted  Linda Moulton Howe who was a guest on Coast to Coast as a investigative journalist.

     Douglas A. Mutschler gives proof of who he was and tells there is a Ancient Pyramid in Alaska bigger than the biggest one in Egypt.   Located between Nome and Mt. McKinley.  The Alaskan underground pyramid is HOT and HUMMING, an active underground base, run by who or for what reason?  These are Questions that we are asking and want answers to!

alaska bermuda triangle map

     There are huge number of disappearances in Alaska, We are trying to figure out why, people are being abducted and not returned.  Because so many go missing in Alaska, part of the wilderness has been called the Bermuda Triangle.  Thousands of people go missing each year but is there really a mystery here?  The triangle exists in the state between the city of Juneau and Yakutat in the Southeast; the Barrow mountain ranges in the north and the city of Anchorage right in the centre of Alaska. Indians native to the state – the Tlingit – are sure about the truth of Alaska’s Bermuda Triangle.

According to their folk-lore there exists a man, known as Kushtaka who can shape-shift to an otter and has the ability to lure innocent people and trap them. This theory surrounded by the amount of missing persons list that the state puts up is enough to confirm and verify the truth about Alaska’s Bermuda Triangle.  The region’s statistical data of 2,883 missing persons is adequate proof about the insolvability of Alaska’s Bermuda Triangle. The state ranks 50th among the nation’s population count.

“What the geologists said they found in this byline news
story (Anchorage TV Channel 13) story was under Alaska,
they found a pyramid bigger than the one in Egypt.”

Large Pyramid Structure Underground
Large Pyramid Structure Underground

From:   Douglas A. Mutschler
Subject:   To Linda Moulton Howe, Pyramid under Alaska?
Date:   June 22, 2012
To: earthfiles@earthfiles.com

Hello
My name is Douglas A. Mutschler CW2, USA (ret) and during my service tour in Alaska I was informed of a pyramid under the land in Alaska. There is other information concerning this that came to my attention after it was reported to us in 1992. I have tried to pass this info to others but have not heard any response to my information. I assure you I am telling you the truth about this and I think that this is being kept quiet by our government as the news was buried the very next day after it was brought to my attention. If you can help me get this info out to you please call me so I can talk to you about this. My phone number ——-. The whole story is pretty interesting and this can be verified with your contacts I’m assured of that, as I do not have them and came up with zero from the news people there. I’ll tell you the whole story if you are interested. I’ve only contacted a couple of people but have not heard back from any of them. I’m wondering if my emails are getting through to them or is this an old story that has no interest to news reporters?
Thank you for your time in this matter.
Douglas A. Mutschler

March 10, 1981:  Entered active duty in U. S. Army with basic training at Fort McClellan, Alabama. Requested to join advanced training for “97 Bravo 10” experimental counterintelligence  unit to increase number of human intelligence agents (humint). Advanced training was at Fort Huachuca, Arizona, the U. S. Army Intelligence Center.

June 29, 1989:  Transition to Warrant Officer School, Fort Rucker, Alabama. CW2 rank. Requests duty at Fort Richardson in Anchorage, Alaska.

Douglas A. Mutschler CW2, USA (ret)
Douglas A. Mutschler CW2, USA (ret)

May 22, 1992:  Lon Por, China, large underground nuclear detonation.

May 22, 1992: Lon Por, China, large underground nuclear detonation.
May 22, 1992: Lon Por, China, large underground nuclear detonation.

October 31, 1995:  Physical disability discharge from Fort Richardson in Anchorage, Alaska, and from Doug Mutschler’s Warrant Officer (CW2) duty in the U. S. Army.

Douglas A. Mutschler CW2, USA (ret) DD 214 discharge information
Douglas A. Mutschler CW2, USA (ret) DD 214 discharge information
October 31, 1995: Physical disability discharge from Fort Richardson in Anchorage, Alaska, and from Doug Mutschler's Warrant Officer (CW2) duty in the U. S. Army.
October 31, 1995: Physical disability discharge from Fort Richardson in Anchorage, Alaska, and from Doug Mutschler’s Warrant Officer (CW2) duty in the U. S. Army.

If any Earthfiles viewer or Coast to Coast AM radio listener has any information about the alleged underground pyramid structure between Mount McKinley and Nome, Alaska, found during Earth crust studies in conjunction with China’s May 22, 1992, one megaton nuclear underground test, please email: earthfiles@earthfiles.com.  All requests for confidentiality are honored.

Alaska’s Bermuda Triangle

Great find Ian Davies Apr 9, 3:19 pm

looking at the satellite image athttps://maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=63%C2%B018%E2%80%99N+152%C2%B032%E2%80%99W&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=63.297414,-152.520275&spn=0.049599,0.179043&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&t=h&z=13 you can see a square pyramid shape, if you compare to the satellite of the ones at Gizahttps://maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=egyptian+cheops+pyramid,+&hl=en&ll=29.976981,31.134095&spn=0.005976,0.01119&sll=28.890374,30.089493&sspn=0.386563,0.716171&t=h&hq=egyptian+cheops+pyramid,&radius=15000&z=17 the main two are diagonally aligned the lower one diagonally below to the left. Back to the Alaskan one if you look diagonally to the low right not as pronounced is what could be a secondary smaller pyramid.

9

The Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty

Peaceful nuclear explosions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) are nuclear explosions conducted for non-military purposes, such as activities related to economic development including the creation of canals. During the 1960s and 1970s, both the United States and the Soviet Union conducted a number of PNEs.
Six of the explosions by the Soviet Union are considered to have been of an applied nature, not just tests.
Subsequently the United States and the Soviet Union halted their programs. Definitions and limits are covered in the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty of 1976. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty of 1996 prohibits all nuclear explosions, regardless of whether they are for peaceful purposes or not.
Contents [hide]
1 The Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty
2 United States: Operation Plowshare
3 Soviet Union: Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy
4 Other nations
5 Spaceflight Applications
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit]The Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty

In the PNE Treaty the signatories agreed: not to carry out any individual nuclear explosions having a yield exceeding 150 kilotons; not to carry out any group explosion (consisting of a number of individual explosions) having an aggregate yield exceeding 1,500 kilotons; and not to carry out any group explosion having an aggregate yield exceeding 150 kilotons unless the individual explosions in the group could be identified and measured by agreed verification procedures. The parties also reaffirmed their obligations to comply fully with the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963.
The parties reserve the right to carry out nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes in the territory of another country if requested to do so, but only in full compliance with the yield limitations and other provisions of the PNE Treaty and in accord with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Articles IV and V of the PNE Treaty set forth the agreed verification arrangements. In addition to the use of national technical means, the Treaty states that information and access to sites of explosions will be provided by each side, and includes a commitment not to interfere with verification means and procedures.
The protocol to the PNE Treaty sets forth the specific agreed arrangements for ensuring that no weapon-related benefits precluded by the Threshold Test Ban Treaty are derived by carrying out a nuclear explosion used for peaceful purposes, including provisions for use of the hydrodynamic yield measurement method, seismic monitoring and on-site inspection.
The agreed statement that accompanies the Treaty specifies that a “peaceful application” of an underground nuclear explosion would not include the developmental testing of any nuclear explosive.
[edit]United States: Operation Plowshare

One of the Chariot schemes involved chaining five thermonuclear devices to create the artificial harbor.
Operation Plowshare was the name of the U.S. program for the development of techniques to use nuclear explosives for peaceful purposes. The name was coined in 1961, taken from Micah 4:3 (“And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more”). Twenty-eight nuclear blasts were detonated between 1961 and 1973.
One of the first U.S. proposals for peaceful nuclear explosions that came close to being carried out was Project Chariot, which would have used several hydrogen bombs to create an artificial harbor at Cape Thompson, Alaska. It was never carried out due to concerns for the native populations and the fact that there was little potential use for the harbor to justify its risk and expense. There was also talk of using nuclear explosions to excavate a second Panama Canal.[1]
The largest excavation experiment took place in 1962 at the Department of Energy’s Nevada Test Site. The Sedan nuclear test carried out as part of Operation Storax displaced 12 million tons of earth, creating the largest man-made crater in the world, generating a large nuclear fallout over Nevada and Utah. Three tests were conducted in order to stimulate natural gas production, but the effort was abandoned as impractical because of cost and radioactive contamination of the gas.[2][3]
There were many negative impacts from Project Plowshare’s 27 nuclear explosions. For example, the Gasbuggy site,[3] located 55 miles east of Farmington, New Mexico, still contains nuclear contamination from a single subsurface blast in 1967.[4] Other consequences included blighted land, relocated communities, tritium-contaminated water, radioactivity, and fallout from debris being hurled high into the atmosphere. These were ignored and downplayed until the program was terminated in 1977, due in large part to public opposition, after $770 million had been spent on the project.[5]
[edit]Soviet Union: Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy

The Soviet Union conducted a much more vigorous program of 239 nuclear tests, some with multiple devices, between 1965 and 1988 under the auspices of Program No. 6 and Program No. 7-Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy. Its aims and results were similar to those of the American effort, with the exception that many of the blasts were considered applications, not tests.[6] The best known of these in the West was the Chagan test in January 1965 as radioactivity from the Chagan test was detected over Japan by both the U.S. and Japan. The United States complained to the Soviets, but the matter was dropped.
In the 1970, the Soviet Union started the “Deep Seismic Sounding” Program, that included the use of peaceful nuclear explosions to create seismic deep profiles. Compared to the usage of conventional explosives or mechanical methods, nuclear explosions allow the collection of longer seismic profiles (up to several thousand kilometers).[7]
There are proponents for continuing the PNE programs in modern Russia. They (e.g. A. Koldobsky) state that the program already paid for itself and saved the USSR billions of rubles and can save even more if continued. They also allege that the PNE is the only feasible way to put out large fountains and fires on natural gas deposits and the safest and most economically viable way to destroy chemical weapons.
Their opponents (include the academician A.V. Yablokov) [8] state that all PNE technologies have non-nuclear alternatives and that many PNEs actually caused nuclear disasters.
Reports on the successful Soviet use of nuclear explosions in extinguishing out-of-control gas well fires were widely cited in United States policy discussions of options for stopping the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.[9][10]
[edit]Other nations

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.
Germany at one time considered manufacturing nuclear explosives for civil engineering purposes. In the early 1970s a feasibility study was conducted for a project to build a canal from the Mediterranean Sea to the Qattara Depression in the Western Desert of Egypt using nuclear demolition. This project proposed to use 213 devices, with yields of 1 to 1.5 megatons detonated at depths of 100 to 500 m, to build this canal for the purpose of producing hydroelectric power.
The Smiling Buddha, India’s first explosive nuclear device was described by the Indian Government as a peaceful nuclear explosion.
In Australia proposed blasting was put forward as a way of mining Iron Ore in the Pilbara [11]
[edit]Spaceflight Applications

Nuclear explosions have been studied as a possible method of spacecraft propulsion. The most well known example was Project Orion, which studied the possibility of a spacecraft propelled by the detonation of nuclear devices which it released behind itself.
Another application would be for deflecting or destroying celestial objects like comets, meteors, or asteroids on a collision course with Earth that have the potential for causing destruction.
[edit]See also

Project Gnome
[edit]References

^ “US Congressional Record pg. 25747, 1968-09-05”. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
^ U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Legacy Management: Rulison, Colorado, Site. Fact Sheet [1].
^ a b Peter Metzger (February 22, 1970). Project Gasbuggy And Catch-85*: *That’s krypton-85, one of the radioactive by-products of nuclear explosions that release natural gas Project Gasbuggy and Catch-85 “It’s 95 per cent safe? We worry about the other 5”. New York Times. p. SM14.
^ “DOE Environmental Management (EM) – Gas Buggy Site”. Em.doe.gov. Retrieved 2010-09-19.
^ Benjamin K. Sovacool (2011). Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power: A Critical Global Assessment of Atomic Energy, World Scientific, pp. 171-172.
^ Nordyke, M. D. (2000-09-01). The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. pp. 34–35. DOI:10.2172/793554. Report no.: UCRL-ID-124410 Rev 2. U. S. Department of Energy contract no.: W-7405-Eng48.
^ University of Wyoming: http://w3.uwyo.edu/~seismic/dss/
^ “А. В. ЯБЛОКОВ, “ЯДЕРНАЯ МИФОЛОГИЯ КОНЦА XX ВЕКА””. Biometrica.tomsk.ru. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
^ Broad, William J. (2010-06-02). “Nuclear Option on Gulf Oil Spill? No Way, U.S. Says”. New York Times. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
^ Astrasheuskaya, Nastassia; Judah, Ben; Selyukh, Alina (2010-07-02). “Special Report: Should BP nuke its leaking well?”. Reuters. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
^ Nuclear blasting proposed for Pilbara Iron Ore Project in Industrial Reviews and Mining Year Book, 1970 pp.255-259
[edit]External links

Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission
Video of the 104Kt Sedan PNE as part of Operation Plowshare.
Video of the Soviet Chagan PNE
Video of the Soviet Taiga PNE
On the Soviet nuclear program
On the Soviet program for peaceful uses of nuclear weapons, American Office of Scientific and Technical Information
United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 through September 1992 (DOE/NV-209 [Rev.14]).
ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENTS,Federation of American Scientists
World Reaction to the Indian Nuclear Tests, Center for Nonproliferation Studies
Nuclear Files.org Treaty between the USA and USSR on underground nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes
Peter Kuran’s “Atomic Journeys” – documentary film includes tests of Peaceful nuclear Explosions.
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