Tag: drugs

Understanding addiction

Did you know that addiction is classified in the DSM-5? It’s a mental illness that lives in the brain stem: the same brain stem that serves a critical role in regulating certain involuntary actions of the body, including heartbeat and breathing. Addicts feel that they need their drug of choice (DOC) the same way they feel they need to breathe.

Did you know that our society treats addiction as a moral issue and pawns it off on law enforcement to “control”? The average stay in jail being 365 days or less. Where addicts are left to detox alone ?

Did you know the detox process can be violent and result in death if not monitored by medical professionals?

Did you know the addict is many times released, and at that time, their serotonin levels are at their lowest, leading to a high crime rate and a higher chance in relapse. It’s a pun to say that this is criminal but that’s exactly what this really is ….criminal.

It takes an average of 14-16 months of sobriety for an addict’s brain to balance serotonin levels to that of a neuro-typical brain. Did you know that?

Did you know that most insurances will only pay for 30 days of treatment for an addict? Please get mad about that. I’m begging you …get mad about that.

Did you know that 136 people die everyday from opioid overdose? That’s one person every 10.58 minutes. By the time you’re done reading and processing this post, someone will have died from an opioid overdose.
Someone’s child.
Someone’s spouse.
Someone’s parent.
Someone’s brother/sister.
Someone’s friend.
Someone’s aunt/uncle.

Let that sink in.

Did you know that the two biggest factors that “make” an addict are
(1) Genetic Predisposition and (2) Childhood trauma. There’s not that “one hit” or that “one decision” that will make an addict. You never really know who is or is not an addict before they ever even pick up. It’s NOT a moral problem. I repeat, addiction is NOT A MORAL PROBLEM.

Just for a minute let’s take this in a little bit of a different direction. Did you know that the BRCA gene for breast cancer has a 5-10% genetic predisposition rate? People every day undergo testing and life changing surgeries to avoid it but addiction genetic predisposition is over 50%.
O V E R 5 0 %. Let that sink in.
You still think addiction is a moral problem? A parenting problem?
Too bad there isn’t a surgery to remove addiction huh ?

If there’s one thing an addict would say….it’s that they’re still in there. (I know because I’ve asked.) The person that you knew and loved is still in there.

They are not their disease.

THEY ARE NOT THEIR DISEASE.

Addiction is a disease. Much like diabetes. It has to be monitored everyday. For the rest of their lives. And it’s HARD. It takes support and unrelenting diligence. Like cancer in that it can always reoccur.

The blaming needs to stop. We need to do better.
The paradigm needs to change.
Insurance benefits needs to change.
Public awareness needs to change.

Period.

The next time you hear someone say “ they have a choice “ or you hear others refer to addicts as “ a junkie“ start by educating them because that really is how this works.

You can make a difference you can change things. It starts with educating yourself and then spreading that knowledge one person at a time. Please I beg you join me in this.

Copied and pasted. Please do the same…
Be a part of the change! 💜💜

wedorecoverchallenge

Studio1776 #sphsp #you #god #addiction

sponsored by: http://Social1776.com

0

All About DCA A Natural Holistic Cancer Cure

Dichloroacetic acid

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dichloroacetic acid
Identifiers
CAS number 79-43-6  Yes
PubChem 6597
ChemSpider 10771217  Yes
UNII 9LSH52S3LQ  Yes
DrugBank DB08809
KEGG C11149  Yes
MeSH Dichloroacetate
ChEBI CHEBI:36386  Yes
ChEMBL CHEMBL13960  Yes
RTECS number AG6125000
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C2H2Cl2O2
Molar mass 128.94 g mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Density 1.5634 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point 9-11 °C, 282-284 K, 48-52 °F
Boiling point 194 °C, 467 K, 381 °F
Solubility in water miscible
Solubility miscible with ethanol, diethyl ether[1]
Acidity (pKa) 1.35[1]
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298		 -496.3 kJ·mol-1[1]
Hazards
MSDS MSDS (jtbaker)
R-phrases R35 R50
S-phrases (S1/2) S26 S45 S61
NFPA 704
NFPA 704.svg
1
3
0
Related compounds
Related chloroacetic acids Chloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic acid
Related compounds Acetic acid
Difluoroacetic acid
Dibromoacetic acid
 Yes (verify) (what is: Yes/?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Dichloroacetic acid, often abbreviated DCA, is the chemical compound with formulaCHCl2COOH. It is an acid, an analogue of acetic acid, in which two of the three hydrogenatoms of the methyl group have been replaced by chlorine atoms. The salts and esters of dichloroacetic acid are called dichloroacetates. Salts of DCA have been studied as potential drugs because they inhibit the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.[citation needed]

Contents

[hide]

[edit]Chemistry and occurrence

The chemistry of dichloroacetic acid is typical for halogenated organic acids. It is a member of the chloroacetic acids family. The dichloroacetate ion is produced when the acid is mixed with water. As an acid with a pKa of 1.35,[1] pure dichloroacetic acid is verycorrosive and extremely destructive to tissues of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.[2]

DCA does not occur in nature. It is a trace product of the chlorination of drinking water and is produced by the metabolism of various chlorine-containing drugs or chemicals.[3] DCA is typically prepared by the reduction of trichloroacetic acid.

[edit]Therapeutic use

Owing to the highly corrosive action of the acid, only the salts of dichloroacetic acid are used therapeutically, including its sodium and potassium salts, sodium dichloroacetate and potassium dichloroacetate.

[edit]Lactic acidosis

The dichloroacetate ion stimulates the activity of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase by inhibiting the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.[4] Thus, it decreases lactateproduction by shifting the metabolism of pyruvate from fermentation towards oxidation in the mitochondria. This property has led to trials of DCA for the treatment of lactic acidosisin humans.[5][6][7][8]

A randomized controlled trial in children with congenital lactic acidosis found that while DCA was well tolerated, it was ineffective in improving clinical outcomes.[6] A separate trial of DCA in children with MELAS (a syndrome of inadequate mitochondrial function, leading to lactic acidosis) was halted early, as all 15 of the children receiving DCA experienced significant nerve toxicity without any evidence of benefit from the medication.[7] A randomized controlled trial of DCA in adults with lactic acidosis found that while DCA lowered blood lactate levels, it had no clinical benefit and did not improve hemodynamicsor survival.[8]

Thus, while early case reports and pre-clinical data suggested that DCA might be effective for lactic acidosis, subsequent controlled trials have found no clinical benefit of DCA in this setting. In addition, clinical trial subjects were incapable of continuing on DCA as a study medication owing to progressive toxicities.

[edit]Potential cancer applications

Cancer cells generally express increased glycolysis, because they rely on anaerobic respiration that occurs in the cytosol (lactic acid fermentation) rather than oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria for energy (the Warburg effect), as a result of hypoxia that exists in tumors and malfunctioning mitochondria.[9][10] Usually dangerously damaged cells kill themselves via apoptosis, a mechanism of self-destruction that involves mitochondria, but this mechanism fails in cancer cells.

A phase I study published in January 2007 by researchers at the University of Alberta, who had tested DCA on human[11] cancer cells grown in mice, found that DCA restored mitochondrial function, thus restoring apoptosis, allowing cancer cells to self-destruct and shrink the tumor.[12]

These results received extensive media attention, beginning with an article in New Scientist titled “Cheap, ‘safe’ drug kills most cancers”.[11] Subsequently, the American Cancer Society and other medical organizations have received a large volume of public interest and questions regarding DCA.[13] Clinical trials in humans with cancer have not been conducted in the USA and are not yet final in Canada, emphasizing the need for caution in interpreting the preliminary results.[13][14]

[edit]Results of phase II clinical trials

In in vitro studies, Evangelos Michelakis of University of Alberta found that in tissue samples from 49 patients, DCA caused depolarization of mitochondria in GBM tissue but not in healthy brain tissue.[15]

Five palliative patients with primary GBM were entered into a phase II trial. Three had not responded to several chemotherapies; two were newly diagnosed. After surgical removal of tumor mass, they were treated with DCA and chemotherapy.[15]

Of the five patients tested, one died after three months. The surviving four were followed for 15 months. Their Karnofsky scores were unchanged in two cases, and decreased by 10 points in two patients.[15]

DCA was associated with tumor regression and had a good safety profile. DCA side effects were minimal.[15]

Michelakis is proceeding with phase three human studies with private funding from philanthropic groups and individuals. DCA’s legal status as a discovery is public domain because it was made or discovered as far back as 1864[16] and has been used in the treatment of canine and human lactic acidosis, some who presented at the beginning of treatment with cancer.

[edit]Concerns about pre-trial use

Following its initial publication, The New Scientist later editorialized, “The drug may yet live up to its promise as an anti-cancer agent – clinical trials are expected to start soon. It may even spawn an entirely new class of anti-cancer drugs. For now, however, it remains experimental, never yet properly tested in a person with cancer. People who self-administer the drug are taking a very long shot and, unlikely as it may sound, could even make their health worse.”[17]

In 2010, it was found that for human colorectal tumours grown in mice, under hypoxic conditions, DCA decreased rather than increased apoptosis, resulting in enhanced growth of the tumours.[18] These findings suggest that at least in some cancer types DCA treatment could be detrimental to patient health, highlighting the need for further testing before it can be considered a safe and effective cancer treatment.[18]

[edit]Planned and ongoing clinical trials

DCA is non-patentable as a compound, though a patent has been filed for its use in cancer treatment.[19] Research by Evangelos Michelakis has received no support from the pharmaceutical industry.[20] Concerns have been raised that without strong intellectual property protection, the financial incentive for drug development is reduced, and therefore obtaining sufficient funds to conduct clinical trials presents difficulty.[11][13][14][21] However, other sources of funding exist; previous studies of DCA have been funded by government organizations such as the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, the Canadian Institutes of Health Researchand by private charities (e.g. the Muscular Dystrophy Association). Recognizing anticipated funding challenges, Michelakis’s lab took the unorthodox step of directly soliciting online donations to fund the research.[22] After 6 months, his lab had raised over $800,000, enough to fund a small Clinical Phase 2 study. Michelakis and Archer have applied for a patent on the use of DCA in the treatment of cancer.[19][23]

On 24 September 2007, the Department of Medicine of Alberta University reported that after the trial funding was secured, both the Alberta local ethics committee and Health Canada approved the first DCA clinical trial for cancer.[24] This initial trial was relatively small with enrollment of up to 50 patients. The trial was completed in August 2009.[25] In May 2010 the team published a press release[26]stating no conclusions could be drawn as a result of the trial. A paper describing the results was published[27] but not linked from the press release. Only five patients had been treated with the drug during the trial.

In May 2011, online reports[28] suggested that the Alberta group had released new data which the media “had not reported”. However, this appeared to be caused by confusion between dates (the previous update was May 2010[29]) and cancer charities moved quickly to counter these rumours,[30][31] which were subsequently covered in New Scientist magazine.[32]

The use of this compound as an anti-cancer agent has been patented.[33]

[edit]Side effects

Reports in the lay press after the 2007 University of Alberta announcement claim that dichloroacetate “has actually been used safely in humans for decades”,[34] DCA is generally well tolerated, even in children.[35] Short-term, infused, bolus doses of DCA at 50 mg/kg/day have been well tolerated.[36]

At sustained, higher doses(generally 25 mg/kg/day taken orally, or greater), there is increased risk of several reversible toxicities, especially peripheral neuropathy, neurotoxicity, and gait disturbance.[4][34]

Studies have also shown that it can be carcinogenic in male B6C3F1 mice at high doses.[37]

[edit]Neuropathy

A clinical trial where DCA was given to patients of MELAS (a form of genetically inherited lactic acidosis) at 25 mg/kg/day was ended prematurely due to excessive peripheral nerve toxicity.[38] Dichloroacetate can also have anxiolytic or sedative effects.[3]

Animal studies suggest that the neuropathy and neurotoxicity during chronic dichloroacetate treatment may be partly due to depletion of thiamine, and thiamine supplementation in rats reduced these effects.[39] However, more recent studies in humans suggest that peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect during chronic DCA treatment, even with coadministration of oral thiamine.[40][41] An additional study reported that 50 mg/kg/day DCA treatment resulted in unsteady gait and lethargy in two patients, with symptoms occurring after one month for one patient and two months for the second. Gait disturbance and consciousness were recovered with cessation of DCA, however sensory nerve action potentials did not recover in one month.[42]

It has been reported that animals and patients treated with DCA have elevated levels of delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA) in the urine. A study published in 2008 suggests that this product may be the cause of the neurotoxic side effect of DCA by blocking peripheralmyelin formation.[43]

[edit]Carcinogenicity

Long term use (three years or more) of high doses (> 77 mg/kg/day) of DCA has been shown to increase risk of liver cancer in mice.[37]Studies of the trichloroethylene (TCE) metabolites dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and chloral hydrate suggest that both DCA and TCA are involved in TCE-induced liver tumorigenesis and that many DCA effects are consistent with conditions that increase the risk of liver cancer in humans.[44] It should be noted here that the maximum recommended dose for cancer treatment is 20mg/kg/day (less than 1/3rd of the 77mg/kg/day shown to increase liver cancer risk in mice).

[edit]Self-medication

The promise of DCA as a cheap, effective and safe treatment for cancer generated a great deal of public interest. Many people turned to self-medication.[45][46]

Doctors warned of potential problems if people attempt to try DCA outside a controlled clinical trial. “If it starts going badly, who is following you before it gets out of control? By the time you realize your liver is failing, you’re in big trouble”, said Laura Shanner, Associate Professor of Health Ethics at the University of Alberta.[47]

[edit]References

  1. ^ a b c d Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press.ISBN 1439855110.
  2. ^ J.T. Baker MSDS
  3. ^ a b Stacpoole P, Henderson G, Yan Z, James M (1998).“Clinical pharmacology and toxicology of dichloroacetate”.Environ Health Perspect 106 Suppl 4: 989–994.doi:10.2307/3434142 . JSTOR 3434142 . PMC 1533324.PMID 9703483.
  4. ^ a b Stacpoole PW (1989). “The pharmacology of dichloroacetate”. Metabolism 38 (11): 1124–1144.doi:10.1016/0026-0495(89)90051-6 . PMID 2554095.
  5. ^ Stacpoole P, Lorenz A, Thomas R, Harman E (1988). “Dichloroacetate in the treatment of lactic acidosis”. Ann Intern Med 108 (1): 58–63. PMID 3337517.
  6. ^ a b Stacpoole P, Kerr D, Barnes C, Bunch S, Carney P, Fennell E, Felitsyn N, Gilmore R, Greer M, Henderson G, Hutson A, Neiberger R, O’Brien R, Perkins L, Quisling R, Shroads A, Shuster J, Silverstein J, Theriaque D, Valenstein E (2006). “Controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of congenital lactic acidosis in children”. Pediatrics 117 (5): 1519–1531. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1226 . PMID 16651305.
  7. ^ a b Kaufmann P, Engelstad K, Wei Y, Jhung S, Sano M, Shungu D, Millar W, Hong X, Gooch C, Mao X, Pascual J, Hirano M, Stacpoole P, DiMauro S, De Vivo D (2006). “Dichloroacetate causes toxic neuropathy in MELAS: a randomized, controlled clinical trial”. Neurology 66 (3): 324–330.doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000196641.05913.27 .PMID 16476929.
  8. ^ a b Stacpoole P, Wright E, Baumgartner T, Bersin R, Buchalter S, Curry S, Duncan C, Harman E, Henderson G, Jenkinson S (1992). “A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults. The Dichloroacetate-Lactic Acidosis Study Group”. N Engl J Med 327 (22): 1564–1569.doi:10.1056/NEJM199211263272204 . PMID 1435883.
  9. ^ Xu R, Pelicano H, Zhou Y, Carew J, Feng L, Bhalla K, Keating M, Huang P (2005). “Inhibition of glycolysis in cancer cells: a novel strategy to overcome drug resistance associated with mitochondrial respiratory defect and hypoxia”. Cancer Res 65(2): 613–21. PMID 15695406.
  10. ^ Kim JW, Dang CV (2006). “Cancer’s molecular sweet tooth and the Warburg effect” . Cancer Res. 66 (18): 8927–8930.doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1501 . PMID 16982728.
  11. ^ a b c “Cheap, ‘safe’ drug kills most cancers” . New Scientist. 2007-01-17. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
  12. ^ Bonnet, Sébastien; Archer, Stephen L.; Allalunis-Turner, Joan; Haromy, Alois; Beaulieu, Christian; Thompson, Richard; Lee, Christopher T.; Lopaschuk, Gary D. et al. (2007). “A Mitochondria-K+ Channel Axis Is Suppressed in Cancer and Its Normalization Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Cancer Growth”. Cancer Cell 11 (1): 37–51.doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2006.10.020 . PMID 17222789.
  13. ^ a b c “DCA: Cancer Breakthrough or Urban Legend?”  FromABC News, 5 February 2007. Accessed 15 February 2007.
  14. ^ a b “No Wonder Drug” , letter to New Scientist from Ralph Moss Lemont. Published February 3, 2007. Accessed 16 February 2007.
  15. ^ a b c d Michelakis, E. D.; Sutendra, G.; Dromparis, P.; Webster, L.; Haromy, A.; Niven, E.; Maguire, C.; Gammer, T. L. et al. (2010). “Metabolic Modulation of Glioblastoma with Dichloroacetate” . Sci Transl Med 2 (31): 31ra34–31ra34.doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000677 . PMID 20463368.
  16. ^ T. E. (Thomas Edward) Thorpe. A Dictionary of Applied Chemistry. Vol. 3. Page 9 of 189 at http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/t-e-thomas-edward-thorpe/a-dictionary-of-applied-chemistry-volume-3-hci/page-9-a-dictionary-of-applied-chemistry-volume-3-hci.shtml
  17. ^ “Editorial: Gambling with your life” , New Scientist, 31 March 2007
  18. ^ a b Shahrzad, Siranoush; Lacombe, Kristen; Adamcic, Una; Minhas, Kanwal; Coomber, Brenda L. (November 2010). “Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) reduces apoptosis in colorectal tumor hypoxia”. Cancer Letters 297 (1): 75–83.doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2010.04.027 . PMID 20537792.
  19. ^ a b “CTV.ca: Researchers launch website on new cancer research” . CTV News.
  20. ^ “CTV.ca: Small molecule offers hope for cancer treatment” . CTV News. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  21. ^ “Small molecule offers big hope against cancer” , by Ryan Smith. From ExpressNews, a University of Alberta publication. Published January 16, 2007. Accessed 15 February 2007.
  22. ^ Official University of Alberta DCA Site
  23. ^ A Method of Treating Cancer Using Dichloroacetate , Application to the European Patent Office, 19 October 2006
  24. ^http://www.dca.med.ualberta.ca/Home/Updates/letter_092407.pdf , 24 September 2007
  25. ^ The Safety and Efficacy of DCA for the Treatment of Brain Cancer , ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00540176
  26. ^ Outlook 2008 , Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development
  27. ^ Michelakis, ED; Sutendra, G; Dromparis, P; Webster, L; Haromy, A; Niven, E; Maguire, C; Gammer, TL et al. (2010). “Metabolic modulation of glioblastoma with dichloroacetate”.Science translational medicine 2 (31): 31ra34–31ra34.doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000677 . PMID 20463368.
  28. ^ The Cure for Cancer Has Been Found and is Purposely Being Ignored  – Technorati blog (accessed 16/05/2011)
  29. ^ DCA Research Team publishes results of Clinical Trials  – University of Alberta website
  30. ^ Potential cancer drug DCA tested in early trials  – Cancer Research UK science blog
  31. ^ @CR_UK tweet  – tweeted 16/05/11
  32. ^ Cancer drug resurfaces and threatens false optimism  – New Scientist, 16 May 2011
  33. ^ US 8071645 , Newell, M. Karen; Newell, Evan & Villalobos-Menuey, Elizabeth, “Systems and methods for treating human inflammatory and proliferative diseases and wounds, with fatty acid metabolism inhibitors and/or glycolytic inhibitors”
  34. ^ a b Picard, André (2007-01-17). “Long-used drug shows new promise for cancer” . Toronto: The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2007-01-17.
  35. ^ Pearson H; Kurtz, TL; Han, Z; Langaee, T (2008). “Role of dichloroacetate in the treatment of genetic mitochondrial diseases”. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 60 (13,14): 1478–1487.doi:10.1016/j.addr.2008.02.014 . PMID 18647626.
  36. ^ Agbenyega T, Planche T, Bedu-Addo G, Ansong D, Owusu-Ofori A, Bhattaram VA, Nagaraja NV, Shroads AL, Henderson GN, Hutson AD, Derendorf H, Krishna S, Stacpoole PW (2003). “Population kinetics, efficacy, and safety of dichloroacetate for lactic acidosis due to severe malaria in children”. J Clin Pharmacol. 43 (4): 386–396.doi:10.1177/0091270003251392 . PMID 12723459.
  37. ^ a b DeAngelo AB, Daniel FB, Stober JA, Olson GR (1991). “The carcinogenicity of dichloroacetic acid in the male B6C3F1 mouse”. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 16 (2): 337–347.doi:10.1016/0272-0590(91)90118-N . PMID 2055364.
  38. ^ Kaufmann P, Engelstad K, Wei Y et al. (2006). “Dichloroacetate causes toxic neuropathy in MELAS: a randomized, controlled clinical trial”. Neurology 66 (3): 324–330. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000196641.05913.27 .PMID 16476929.
  39. ^ Stacpoole P, Harwood H, Cameron D, Curry S, Samuelson D, Cornwell P, Sauberlich H (1990). “Chronic toxicity of dichloroacetate: possible relation to thiamine deficiency in rats”.Fundam Appl Toxicol 14 (2): 327–37. doi:10.1016/0272-0590(90)90212-3 . PMID 2318357.
  40. ^ Kurlemann G, Paetzke I, Moller H, Masur H, Schuierer G, Weglage J, Koch HG (1995). “Therapy of complex I deficiency: peripheral neuropathy during dichloroacetate therapy”. Eur J Pediatr 154 (11): 928–32. doi:10.1007/BF01957508 .PMID 8582409.
  41. ^ Spruijt L, Naviaux RK, McGowan KA, Nyhan WL, Sheean G, Haas RH, Barshop BA (2001). “Nerve conduction changes in patients with mitochondrial diseases treated with dichloroacetate”. Muscle Nerve 24 (7): 916–24.doi:10.1002/mus.1089 . PMID 11410919.
  42. ^ Oishi K, Yoshioka M, Ozawa R, Yamamoto T, Oya Y, Ogawa M, Kawai M (2003). “Dichloroacetate treatment for adult patients with mitochondrial disease”. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 43 (4): 154–61. PMID 12892050.
  43. ^ Felitsyn, N; McLeod, C; Shroads, AL; Stacpoole, PW; Notterpek, L (2008). “The heme precursor delta-aminolevulinate blocks peripheral myelin formation”. Journal of Neurochemistry 106 (5): 2068–2079. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05552.x . PMC 2574579. PMID 18665889.
  44. ^ Caldwell JC, Keshava N (September 2006). “Key issues in the modes of action and effects of trichloroethylene metabolites for liver and kidney tumorigenesis” . Environ. Health Perspect.114 (9): 1457–63. PMC 1570066. PMID 16966105.
  45. ^ Pearson, Helen (2007). “Cancer patients opt for unapproved drug”. Nature 446 (7135): 474–475. doi:10.1038/446474a .PMID 17392750.
  46. ^ Interview: Would you try an untested cancer drug? , New Scientist, August 15, 2007
  47. ^ Andrea Sands (March 18, 2007). “Experts caution against patients compiling own data on unapproved cancer drug” . Edmonton Journal.

[edit]External links

  • International Chemical Safety Card 0868
  • CTV.ca News Staff (16 January 2007). “Small molecule offers hope for cancer treatment” . CTV.ca Website (CTV television network). Retrieved 2007-01-31.
  • DCA Research Information Website  (University of Alberta)
  • Wait for Clinical Trials , New Scientist, 24 February 2007
  • Potential cancer drug DCA tested in early trials , by Cancer Research UK
  • Interviewing Drs. Akbar and Humaira Khan about DCA
  • Cancer Biology – Cramping Tumors  Economist, January 18, 2007
  • Official University of Alberta DCA (dichloroacetate) Website , The University of Alberta Discovery. March 15, 2007

  • Dichloroacetate Orders

    Telephone Orders: 1-347-535-4322 (New York area)
    We are VERY busy, if you get the answering machine leave your name and phone number, we will call you back.

    UPDATE we now have DCA in capsules
    333 mg per capsule, Click To Buy DCA

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    60 Day DCA Treatment Kit is now available in the DCA Store

    What’s New With Dichloroacetate?

    February 2012 Video added “Using a Scale to Measure DCA”
    August 31, 2011 Doctor Flavin, M.D. read his letter Doctor Flavin’s letter
    March 20, 2011 Read how one person beat cancer using DCA.
    May 12, 2010 Latest Positive DCA Clinical Trials and More! Visit the University of Alberta  (the university site is currently down, try this link to read about the doctor )

    Recent Medical Research at a Canadian University has confirmed that scientists do understand the cause of cancer. The dying off of old cells to be replaced by new cells is a normal part of our cellular lifecycle and keeps us well. It seems that in cancerous cells, our body has forgotten how to tell the aged cells how to die off and be replaced by healthy new cells. This process is governed by the mitochondria and is known as “cell death” or “apoptosis”. In a cancer cell, the mitochondria has lost the ability to direct the cell to die off – the sick cell becomes “immortal”, spreading and making the person increasingly unwell. Recent Medical trials using Pure DCA have proven this compound can reactivate the mitochondria restoring the cell’s original function of “apoptosis” enabling shrinkage in tumor size and mass. Testimonials have shown reversal in illness, remission, clean health tests, increased health and vitality. Favourable results (scientifically measurable) have been accomplished within days (less than a week) of starting treatment with Pure DCA.

    “Dr. Evangelos Michelakis, a professor at the U of A Department of Medicine, has shown that dichloroacetate (DCA) causes regression in several cancers, including lung, breast, and brain tumors.”

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3

HSBC BANKING MONEY FUNDING TERROR AND DEALING DRUGS!

HSBC exposed: Drug money banking, terror dealings

Copied from Source: http://truththeory.com

International banking giant HSBC may have financed terrorist groups and funneled Mexican drug money into the US economy through its lax policies, a damning Senate report reveals. The bank’s bosses have apologized for the misconduct.

David Bagley, HSBC’s Head of Group Compliance, admitted during a Senate subcommittee hearing that the company had made a number of lapses, adding that he planned to resign.

“I recognize that there have been some significant areas of failure,” Bagley told the US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigation. “I have said before and I will say again: despite the best efforts and intentions of many dedicated professionals, HSBC has fallen short of our own expectations and the expectations of our regulators.”

Irene Dorner, CEO and President of the bank’s American operation (HBUS), told the panel that HSBC deeply regrets the lapses in oversight, apologizing for the company’s mistakes.

Senator Carl Levin, the chairman of the subcommittee, gave details of one such intricate scheme to launder cash between 2006 and 2009.

“Because our tough AML (anti-money laundering) laws in the United States have made it hard for drug cartels to find a US bank willing to accept huge unexplained deposits of cash, they now smuggle US dollars across the border into Mexico and look for a Mexican bank, or ‘casa de cambio’ to take the cash.,” Levin noted. “Some of those casas de cambio had accounts at HB Mexico, which, in turn, took all the physical dollars that it got, transported them by armored car or aircraft back across the border to HBUS for deposit in its US Banknotes account, completing the laundering cycle.”

The Senator welcomed HSBC’s apologies, but said it also had to be held accountable. He called on the bank to consider shutting down its Mexican affiliate, as well as other banks suspected of providing funding for terrorists.

Earlier, Levin said “the culture at HSBC was pervasively polluted for a long time.”

The findings are the results of a year-long Senate probe into HSBC’s activities, highlighting systemic negligence throughout the bank’s international structure. The probe was published in a 340-page report in Washington on Tuesday.

 

Financing terror and flouting the rules

HSBC’s activities in Saudi Arabia were brought into question in the report, specifically referencing banking with Al Rajhi Bank. The investigation claims the Saudi bank has links to financing terrorism based on evidence gathered after the September 11 attacks.

Information collated by investigators suggests one of Al Rajhi’s founders was an “early financial benefactor of al-Qaeda.”

HSBC forbade its affiliates from doing business with the Saudi bank in 2005, but this policy was overturned only a few months later when the banks resumed dealings.

In addition, the report cites dealings with two Bangladeshi banks thought to have links with terrorist organizations.

“From an oversight perspective, the failure of accountability here is dramatic,” Senator Levin commented.

The probe also details how the bank bypassed US safeguards that protect against transactions potentially involving terrorists, drug lords, and rogue regimes. The investigations committee alludes to almost 25,000 transactions to Iran amounting to over $19 billion conducted through the bank’s US office over a period of seven years. The bank did not disclose that the funds were being sent to Iran.

 

Narco-banking

The reports cities HSBC’s activities in Mexico, highlighting the fact that the country was treated as a long-risk client despite being a known hub for drug trafficking and money laundering.

It gives reference to the banking conglomerate’s Mexican affiliate transporting a total of $7 billion in hard cash to HBUS from 2007 to 2008. The sheer quantity of capital transferred raised concerns that some of it came from illegal drugs sales in the US.

The report also implicates the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), a US financial regulator, for failing to regulate HSBC’s activities.

The OCC reported multiple failings on the part of HSBC in 2010 to implement anti-money laundering measures, namely its failure to monitor $60 trillion in bank transfers and 17,000 account alerts detailing suspicious activity.

The Senate report lays the blame for HSBC’s negligence over the past six years partly at the feet of the OCC for its lack of action in spite of consistent evidence of the bank’s money laundering issues.

“We have learned a great deal working with the subcommittee on this case history and also working with US regulatory authorities, and recognize that our controls could and should have been stronger and more effective in order to spot and deal with unacceptable behavior,” HSBC said in a statement. The bank also emphasize that they had already taken “concrete steps” to address the issues including drastic changes to “strengthen compliance, risk management and culture.”

The new report comes after the UK’s largest bank revealed it would have to pay a $1 billion fine to US authorities for money laundering offenses committed between 2004 and 2010.

Source: http://truththeory.com/2012/07/20/hsbc-exposed-drug-money-banking-terror-dealings-2/

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All ABOUT ONE VETERAN’S BATTLE AGAINST FORCED VACCINATIONS, THE GOOD, THE BAD, THE UGLY!

About

    This is me, Sean Niemi. Or, at least, it WAS me. Last year when I was still an Army Combat Medic. I am a happily married man with 5 sons and 1 daughter. Yeah, I know… HUGE family! Anyway, until April 2, 2012 I was in the Army, I served 2 Combat deployments (1 each to Iraq and Afghanistan) and was doing something I loved… helping people be healthy. Unfortunately, I wasn’t very good at doing “the Army thing” and consistently informed my soldiers that the root problems to most of their aches and pains were unhealthy lifestyles. The Army wanted me to just treat the symptoms and send the guys back out to the front lines. I always looked for the underlying cause of their ailments and tried to help fix them. Imagine that! A medical professional actually trying to HEAL people instead of just masking their problems with drugs and medications. Needless to say, I wasn’t very popular with the HOOAH HOOAH types and once I requested a Religious Exemption from vaccines/immunizations I was threatened, (in more ways than one…. read my early posts on here for the whole sordid story), and eventually given my walking papers. I don’t necessarily see my current state as punishment. I see it more as an opportunity, an opportunity to finally tell the truth about what has happened to me. An opportunity to try and help others going through similar situations in their own lives. Good luck to all of you and …. Happy Reading.

This is my story of what I have been through while trying to exercise my Constitutionally guaranteed rights to not be vaccinated in accordance with my religious beliefs.

****Please: make sure to check out my blog at
http://www.vaccinebattles.wordpress.com
and my Facebook page at
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Soldier-wins-fight-against-forced-military-vacc…

1

All About Sovereign Silver The Good The Bad The Ugly!

Sovereign Silver Solution
Sovereign Silver Solution
Anti New World Order Party

By: Daniel J Leach

I recently started to use Sovereign Silver and I can say that I have noticed a positive difference.  I would call it Natures Viagra or energy supplement!  I also tried using it when I was sick with a sour throat and was better with in days not weeks!   So I can say with my personal experience Yes to the Good for you in a short term!   I did not use the recommended dose I would use far less.  I used 1/2 a tea spoon twice a day, once in the morning and once at night before bed and that would be about it!

Now for the Bad news about Sovereign Silver it can Kill you if you do not know what your doing.  I would say consult your doctor before using Silver products!

Colloidal silver’s proponents will often leave-out the reason why it’s no longer in use by doctors: silver can build-up in your body, make you sick and even kill you. There is a report available online of a 71 year old man who died after taking colloidal silver orally for four months. Here is an excerpt of the report: It seems that some important facts about the 71 year old man who died were left out. My understanding was that he was on pharmaceutical medications that he had just come off of to start taking the colloidal silver. His reactions were consistent for anyone coming off those types of medicines too quickly.

“Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. The authors report a case of a 71-year-old man who developed myoclonic status epilepticus and coma after daily ingestion of colloidal silver for 4 months resulting in high levels of silver in plasma, erythrocytes, and CSF. Despite plasmapheresis, he remained in a persistent vegetative state until his death 5.5 months later. Silver products can cause irreversible neurologic toxicity associated with poor outcome.”.

The Ugly is can turn Blue like a smurf?

One of the most obvious signs of silver-poisoning is that your skin turns a blueish color. Oh, by the way, this change of color is usually permanent. This condition is called Argyria.

There is a Libertarian Party politician in Montana, named Stan Jones, who took homemade colloidal silver, out of fear that theYear 2000 “problem” that had panic-stricken dupes predicting the end of the modern world as we know it, would make modern antibiotics unavailable. So, he self-medicated himself with colloidal silver and it made his skin turn a blue-gray. Here’s a picture I found of him on the Internet. I swear I didn’t doctor it:

What most of the mainstream media conveniently fail to report is that Paul Karason took homemade colloidal silver which he contaminated with salt and drank over a quart a day for years. Despite that, he was given a clean bill of health from Mount Sinai hospital after he had a checkup at the request of the Today Show he appeared on.

Likely no one has consumed more silver, even in the wrong form, than Karason and despite his cosmetic skin condition his clean bill of health stands as a stark refutation to the charges that silver causes harm.

The fact is that millions of people around the world use colloidal silver and yet there are precious few reports of any harm and the blue skin condition known as Argyria is quite rare. In virtually every instance where it is found the cause can be traced to heavy injestion of a product that is not true colloidal silver.

Properly prescribed and administered mainstream drugs, including antibiotics, kill as many as 120,000 people each year by the admission of the American Medical Association.

The main reason that silver fell out of favor was the advent of antibiotics which were patentable and thus much more highly profitable. Likewise, the main reason that colloidal silver is targeted by the trillion dollar a year world pharma empire, mainstream medicine and the media and agencies beholden to them is the threat it represents to the billions of dollars of profits they make from those antibiotics and treatment of conditions colloidal silver remedies.

Calling it a conspiracy would not be inaccurate.

Millions are estimated to use Silver products from top colloidal and ionic silver companies that I am familiar with. Still, where are all the smurfs and where is evidence of all the harm?

There are a grand total of 16 mentions of colloidal silver and argyria in all the voluminous PubMed references.  When you remove the homemade ionic silver and the colloidal silver protein that is not really colloidal silver, then you end up with only a handful that might be colloidal silver.

When I tracked down rare reported incidents of Argyria due to ingestion of alleged colloidal silver I have invariably found that it turned out to be contaminated homemade ionic silver, so-called colloidal silver protein (which is particles to large to suspend without protein – and skin has an affinity for protein) or an ionic silver product with far too high ppm silver content.

Bad homemade CS is NOT ‘contaminated ionic silver suspended in protein’. (No-one makes MSP at home). Bad homemade CS is just colloidal silver made in impure water that has been ‘generated’ for too long. Put simply it causes argyria because its way too strong. Paul Karosan and Stan Jones both made that mistake. Paul Karosan continues to do so for some strange reason. (The other famous argyria victim and anti-colloidal silver campaigner, Rosemary Jacobs, actually never drank colloidal silver in her life. She took highly concentrated silver nitrate nose drops (probably around 30,000 ppm) every day for 3 or 4 years when she was about 11. Read her story and she admits this).

The reports at PubMed ranged from bluish fingernail cuticles to one report of death of a 71 year old man, which may or may not have been actual colloidal silver. Just for grins, do a search for “antibiotic side effect deaths”. That returns 675 reports.

Of course Natural News had ads for colloidal silver and colloidal silver makers – the ads are Google ads, which key in on words and phrases in each article the same way Google does with gmail accounts when you send and receive emails. If you went to an article about cancer, you would see ads for cancer treatments.

Now, if you want to say that some products which are labeled as colloidal silver might be dangerous or ineffective, I might agree. Otherwise, it is MY belief that some people make a practice of labeling anything that is not a mainstream approved drug as quackery.

i think the “conspiracy” angle is quite valid. except i’d put it another way. a large industry looking after it’s interests.

There is a general trend to have too much faith in modern medicine. people think its way more advanced then it is. Most people have adopted an attitude that science will save them, but for most people it’s really about healthy lifestyle choices.

There is not much to back up the toxic effects of silver. We use it in silverware, drinking pitchers, jewelry. sure anything can be toxic in huge does.

Iv tried it and found out for myself when I think of all the crap I’ve wasted money on over the years…$35 ain’t much. I really can’t remember the last time a doctor helped me and that wasn’t cheap.  More People are killed at hospitals by bad medicine than anything natural.

The reason that deaths from approved drugs are well-known is that such incidents are documented in medical records and there are very real punishments meted-out if anyone tries to cover them up.

The so called Quacks always have an out by simply stating that their product is simply a supplement. The problem with alternative medicine is that most of the aftereffects upon its users are not documented by anyone. Their deaths or complications to their conditions resulting from foregoing standard medical treatment in favor of quacks is merely listed by the resulting condition (e.g. cancer spreads, poisoning, etc) so the effects of quackery aren’t as well-documented, beyond certain articles. Most people who sell these products sure as hell aren’t going to warn anyone about whatever side effects their product’s use might cause. That would be bad for sales and sales are all most company’s really care about.

If I’m cutting into some one’s pocketbook by publishing this, then that’s just too bad.

The bottom line is that silver does work and work very well and there really is very little evidence of harm from properly made and ingested true colloidal silver.

If it did not work, why do you suppose NASA uses it to purify the astronauts drinking water?  Its a fact that CS is used to sterilize water in Mir space vehicles and the International space station. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10942&page=324 There’s perfectly credible science behind this. We are not talking about pyramids and crystals.  Or Potters for Peace uses it purify drinking water in third world countries?


drawing and photo of water filter
http://pottersforpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/colloidal-silver.pdf

Dietary Supplement

The Sovereign Silver Difference

  • Actively Charged
    As corroborated by several universities, Sovereign Silver contains 96% positively charged silver particles [Ag(n)+], making it at least 34 times more powerful than other brands.
  • Easily Absorbed
    Sovereign Silver’s unprecedented particle size of 0.8 nanometers (validated by Transmission Electron Microscopy) allows for easy absorption and excretion from the body.
  • Less Is More
    The smaller the particle size, the greater the surface area and the higher the efficiency. That’s why even with a low concentration of 10 ppm, Sovereign Silver is still much more effective than brands which contain up to 500 ppm!
  • Perfectly Safe
    Sovereign Silver is formulated to be safe for the whole family. Taken 7 times a day for 70 years, Sovereign Silver still falls below the EPA daily Oral Silver Reference Dose (RfD).
  • 99.999% Pure
    Sovereign Silver has only two ingredients: pure silver and pharmaceutical grade  purified water. It does not contain added salts or proteins that render other silver products less effective. Plus, It is packaged in non leaching glass bottles to guarantee purity throughout it’s shelf life.

For thousands of years, silver has played an essential role in safeguarding human health. In fact, until 1938, colloidal silver silver water  the preferred choice of physicians for empowering the immune system and stimulating the body’s innate healing processes*

Today, as more people embrace natural ways to maintain their health and well being, silver is experiencing a resurgence in popularity. And Sovereign Silver is leading the way. By developing technologically advanced refinements in the production of silver colloids, Sovereign Silver Bio Active Silver Hydrosol delivers advantages no other manufacturer can match.

For details call 1-888-328-8840

Made In USA

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Directions

Adults: 1 teaspoon, hold under tongue for 30 seconds, then swallow.

Children 4 years & older: 1/2 teaspoon.

Guidelines:

  • Maintenance: Once daily.
  • Immune Building: 3 times daily.
  • Long Term Immune Support: 5 times daily
  • Short term immune support: 7 times daily.

*According to the EPA (CASRN7440-22-4) daily Oral Silver Reference Dose (RfD) applied to 10 ppm, one may ingest 178,850 servings safely over 70 years.

Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 1 teaspoon (5ml)
Servings Per Container: 94.5
Silver  50 mcg*

<td* Daily Value not established.
Pharmaceutical Grade Purified Water (USP-NF)

sovereign silver
sovereign silver

For more information about the truth about colloidal silver and how mainstream medicine has suppressed alernative and natural healing, see:

“Colloidal Silver Has Mainstream Medicine Singling the Blues”
http://www.naturalnews.com/022728.html

“Healthcare for Dummies – or How the Rich Got Richer and the Sick Got Sicker”
http://www.tbyil.com/healthcare.htm
5

Could Swedens 200 ft wide entrance be the bottomless pit that opens up in Hell from Revelation chapter 9 of the Bible?

Revelation chapter 9 commentary

And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit.

2 And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace

The CELESTIAL Convergence

GEOLOGICAL UPHEAVAL: STUNNINGLY MASSIVE 200 FOOT WIDE “ENTRANCE TO HELL” OPENS UP IN SWEDEN – MYSTERIOUS HOLE IN MALMBERGET IS 150 METRES HIGH?!

 Have a look at the following image of a massive land subsidence in Sweden, that mysteriously collapse to reveal a 200 foot wide open.

Revelation chapter 9 commentary

by Don Koenig

 And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit.

2 And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.

The fifth angel sounds his trumpet and a star falls from heaven. This star has the key to the bottomless pit. Stars sometimes have a double reference to angelic beings in the scriptures. This star is called “him” so it is an angel. The angel was given the key to open up the place under the earth where fallen angels are bound (2 Pe: 2 1-10). Some think this angel is Satan and others think it is another angel. I think this angel still has the key when he locks Satan in the bottomless pit for a thousand years after the tribulation is over (Rev 20:1-2). Therefore, the angel is from God and is not Satan.

It is too soon for Satan to be cast out of heaven permanently since the Beast he incarnates when he is cast out of heaven comes out of the pit months after the time of this fifth trumpet. The Beast comes out of the pit just prior to the seventh trumpet just before he kills the two prophets who have completed their 1,260-day testimony (Rev 11:7).

If this was actually the time when Satan and his angels were cast out of heaven by Michael and his angels there should be a description of more than one star falling from heaven. This angel appears to be on an assignment and does not appear to be an angel being banished from heaven.

Although it is clear that this star is a personality, I do not think we can say that the comet had nothing to do with opening the pit in a physical sense. Physical and spiritual events can be interrelated. Mankind being limited to four dimensions cannot understand the mystery of how the physical and the spiritual are interrelated (Mat 16:19, Mat 18:18). These physical judgments on earth are the end result of spiritual prayers. We read in the last chapter that a censor containing the prayers of the saints was filled with fire by an angel. This angel cast the censor upon the earth and then these physical judgments came.

When the comet hits the earth it will penetrate the crust of the earth and open the bottomless pit. We see this physically happens on earth by the description of the great smoke that comes out of the pit that darkens the skies. The opening of the bottomless pit provides a way out for devils or demons that have been bound in the pit (by gravitational forces perhaps?).

 

3 And there came out of the smoke locusts upon the earth: and unto them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.

The bottomless pit is opened and tormentors come on the earth. Their satanic role probably is to make life on earth so unbearable that a counterfeit savior will be accepted. Out of the smoke of the pit comes a strange type of locust upon the earth. These locusts have power like scorpions. What these beings are is not certain and I have no natural explanation. The stinging locusts last on the earth for five months. We can be sure they are demonic beings because they come out of the bottomless pit and we are told that they will have a demonic king ruling over them.

 

4 And it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree; but only those men which have not the seal of God in their foreheads.

5 And to them it was given that they should not kill them, but that they should be tormented five months: and their torment was as the torment of a scorpion, when he striketh a man.

These locusts were commanded by God not to hurt anything green so these are not  normal locusts or any natural mutation. They sting only those who do not have the seal of God in their foreheads. The 144,000 most likely are not the only ones sealed. Those who believe and follow Jesus may also be sealed since they are also servants of God. Scripture does not tell us that believers will be sealed but I see no reason for God to let believers to be tormented by demonic beings. The fact that they are commanded and cannot harm those sealed by God say that these beings are intelligent and have no choice but to obey spiritual authority given to the angels of God.

These locusts will not be given power to kill anyone but they will have the power to torment unsealed people for five months. Some make this judgment a result of nuclear warfare. They claim that this judgment is talking about radioactive poisoning but many who suffer this do die. It is obvious from the description of these locusts that this is not what is being described. Some say that they are spiritual demons that torment man mentally but passages that follow indicate that these beings have physical form. The scorpion sting is said to be the most painful of all stings. Those on earth who are not sealed have this type of pain to look forward to for five long months.

 

6 And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them.

This is going to be so bad that people will seek death but they will not find it. Why man cannot find death is unknown but God gives and takes life. Perhaps, because the pit of hell is opened, no one can die and go there until after the five months is up. It may be 5 months of the real Night of Living Dead for people on earth.

God, for His own reasons is not allowing any unsealed person to escape this torment. I think this is the ultimate tough love program. I believe God is allowing demons to give men of flesh a five month taste of the Lake of Fire. It is given in love so they will choose not to go there for eternity when they later are required to make a choice between taking the mark of the Beast and going to this place of torments for eternity or choosing God’s Son and losing their physical lives so their soul will be saved from it. All mankind will still have another chance to come to Jesus and not choose to go to the place of eternal torments.

 

7 And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.

8 And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.

9 And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron; and the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses running to battle.

10 And they had tails like unto scorpions, and there were stings in their tails: and their power was to hurt men five months.

11 And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.

This passage gives the actual physical description of these creatures. They are not like anything we know. They are not helicopters or jets shooting missiles filled with chemical or biological weapons as some have speculated. These creatures come out of the smoke of the pit and the angel of the bottomless pit is ruling over them. This is not Satan because Satan at this point has not yet been cast out of heaven.

The king over these beings is named Abaddon. The name Abaddon actually means the destroyer. These locusts are led by the destroying angel who is probably Satan’s commander of the dimension called the underworld. These locusts are actual physical beings that ascend out of the same pit the angel in verse two opened with his key. The five months of this torment will be a literal hell on earth.

 

12 One woe is past; and, behold, there come two woes more hereafter.

After the five months of torment by these hellish creatures, one woe is past but there are still two more left to come when the sixth and seventh angels sound their trumpets.

 

13 And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God,

14 Saying to the sixth angel which had the trumpet, Loose the four angels which are bound in the great river Euphrates.

15 And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men.

16 And the number of the army of the horsemen were two hundred thousand thousand: and I heard the number of them.

After the sixth trumpet blast, four angels are loosed that are bound in the Euphrates River. This prophecy gives the number of the horsemen (cavalry men) that will now be allowed to pass to the east of the Euphrates to kill one third of men. The number John said he heard was two hundred million. There never was a time when such an army was possible before this generation.

Today such an army could come from the East; there are now more than three billion people east of the Euphrates River. The CIA fact book of the year 2004 said that China alone has more than two hundred million military fit men.

Abortion and infanticide of female children in China and India in this generation will create a disposable surplus of over one hundred million adult men who will have no chance for marriage and a normal family life. To a lesser extent for much the same reason there will also be surpluses of men in other countries of the Far East. It is as if these men were born for a special time to fulfill this prophecy. That is exactly what the wording of this passage implies. There will be almost enough adult men to make up this army from just the surplus males of military age that will exist in China and other Far-East nations by 2035 AD.

Some commentators think that this is an army of demons. In all cases, demons seek to possess bodies so a reasonable compromise is that two hundred million demons will come out of the pit and possess, and control this two hundred million-man army. This army will cross the Euphrates and come into the Middle East and the West. This army will kill one third of all men that survived the previous disasters on the earth. By the time the prior judgments and this second woe is completed over half of the world’s population will be dead.

Some commentators are hung up on the word horsemen thinking that all the men would have to be riding horses. Since these believe it is not possible to assemble two hundred million horses, they dredge up demons that look like men on horses. More likely, the wording simply means the leaders are mounted on horses or the men travel on something mobile (i.e. military vehicles).

 17 And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and them that sat on them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone: and the heads of the horses were as the heads of lions; and out of their mouths issued fire and smoke and brimstone.

18 By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths.

19 For their power is in their mouth, and in their tails: for their tails were like unto serpents, and had heads, and with them they do hurt.

The description in this passage is probably only supernatural in the sense that angels were loosed for a specific time to allow this to happen and that demons are now free to deceive and inhabit those who dwell on the earth. The entire wording of this judgment makes it fairly clear to me that this is describing a great all out world war between the West and the East.

The fire that comes out of the mouths of the horsemen is every modern weapon of warfare like tanks, and artillery. The tails like serpents that had heads that did harm sound exactly like modern rockets and bombs with warheads. This will be an all out world war using nuclear, chemical and biological warfare and billions will die.

 

20 And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk:

21 Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts.

Even after mankind uses all the weapons of warfare they made with their own hands against one another they still will not repent of the works of their hands. Instead of trusting in God to save them, they trust and worship the created instead of the Creator. Most of the East will still pray to statues that represent Buddha or countless other demon gods. Instead of obeying God’s servants on earth, they will follow doctrines given by demons. Instead of coming to God to be changed and to be given a new heart they will continue in their insane practices. Instead of worshiping the God of heaven, they will now worship the image of the Beast possessed by Satan.

Because the world did not want to believe the truth, they will now be given a lie and they will accept Satan’s counterfeit savior and his counterfeit kingdom (2Th 2:11). This deception happens because these still love to murder, use drugs, commit adultery and steal. They love evil and that is why they will not receive the truth and be saved.

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