Chemtrail Facts not conspiracy theory’s but conspiracy facts!

Chemtrail-II

Daniel Joseph Leach Jr.founder of http://AntiIlluminatiParty.com
According to some people who want to be willfully ignorant about the so called chemtrail conspiracy theory, those long-lasting trails left in the sky by high-flying aircraft are chemical or biological agents deliberately sprayed for Geo engineering and weather modification. Just in case you want to have a better understanding of this subject.here are just some of the historical Facts not conspiracy theory’s but conspiracy facts!
RESOURCE LIST AND REFERENCES
1976 UN Weather Weapons Treaty
Canada: Weather Modification Information Act (1985): http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/W-5.pdfsued:
European Parliament (Motion B4-0551/95)
http://www.envirosecurity.org/ges/TheorinReport14Jan1999.pdf or
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do…
1999-0005+0+DOC+PDF+V0%2F%2FENpr 2009 Report 10/09 RS1636
The Royal Society (London), Geoengineering the Climate: Science, Governance and
Uncertainty (2009) [Founded in 1660, the Royal Society is an independent scientific academy]
http://royalsociety.org/…/publ…/2009/geoengineering-climate/
UK House of Commons Science and Technology Committee report, Regulation of Geoengineering, 2010
http://www.parliament.uk/…/comm…/science-technology/s-t-pn26
100318/
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/…/cmsctech/221/221.pdf
Summary of conventions on weather modification, Scientific American, Oct. 2012:
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm…
U.S. military’s secret experiment sprayed toxic chemicals on low-income housing
http://www.informationliberation.com/?id=41600,
University of Missouri Dissertation, DAI/A 73-10, Jul 2012,http://gradworks.umi.com/35/15/3515886.html
UK: Guardian newspaper report April 2002 (http://politics.guardian.co.uk/…/story/0,9174,688098,00.html
List of Geoengineering Patents:http://geoengineeringwatch.nature4less.com/?page_id=26
Water, Air & soil testing list of results (8 countries where tests have been taken):
http://geoengineeringwatch.nature4less.com/…
UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 2010 & Oct. 2012, a de facto moratorium on geoengineering
experiments (Action Group on Erosion, Technology and Concentration),
http://www.etcgroup.org/…/pdf_…/ETCNRCBDmoratorium101029.pdf
http://www.etcgroup.org/issues/climate-geoengineering
Belfort Group (Belgium), report Case Orange: Contrail Science, Impact on Climate and Weather
Manipulation (written by aviation engineers and pilots), analysis of highlights of the report:
http://www.globalresearch.ca/atmospheric-geoengineeri…/20369
Carnicom Institute (USA):http://www.carnicominstitute.org/html/geoengineering.html
“What in the World are they Spraying” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_FOsKL_5Q
http://www.coalitionagainstgeoengineering.org/j…/take-action
May 2007 Informal Report on Chemtrails (UK)
http://www.checktheevidence.com/…/Dept%20of%20Environment%2…
http://www.tdlr.state.tx.us/weather/weathermod.htm (the website Texas Department of Licensing and
Regulation, “Currently, cloud-seeding projects designed to increase rainfall from convective cloud towers
are conducted in nearly 31 million acres of Texas (or almost one-fifth of the state’s land area).

All about Cathy O’Brien: Ex-Illuminati NWO Mind Control Victim

Warning: Adults only, if you’re easily offended don’t watch
Read the book here: http://static.everdot.org/ebooks/engl…

For Reasons of National Security
(Intro – Mark Phillips. Cathy O’Brien – 0:36:50)
The Granada Forum, October 31, 1996 

Cathy O’Brien
Born 4 December 1957
Muskegon, Michigan
Nationality American
Occupation Writer, speaker
Known for Conspiracy theorist, statements of victimization by Project Monarch
Spouse(s) Mark Phillips
Children Kelly O’Brien
Parents Earl M. O’Brien

Carol O’Brien (née Tanis)

Website
http://trance-formation.com/

Contents

  

On May 7, 1966 a 9 year old child named Cathy O’Brien was subjected to an occult ritual named “The Rite to Remain Silent”. This is her own very shocking and eye-opening life story about her experience as a CIA MK-Ultra Whitehouse Pentagon level trauma-based Mind Control slave. She speaks out to expose those who abused, who go right up to presidents and congressmen and women and to give voice to the many mind control victims out there who can’t think to speak out.

O’Brien claims to have been abused since she was a toddler by her own family. Forced to partake in satanic sadomasochistic child pornography movies produced for Gerald Ford, she was eventually sold to the CIA, which was looking for traumatized children for their mind-control program … U.S. Presidents Ford, Reagan, Bush and Bill Clinton; Canadian Prime Ministers Pierre Trudeau and Brian Mulroney; Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid; Haitian dictator Baby Doc Duvalier; Panamanian President Manuel Noriega; and King Fahd of Saudi Arabia all sexually brutalized her. She recounts in graphic detail how the elder George Bush raped her thirteen year old daughter and how she was forced to have oral sex with Illuminati witch Hillary Clinton … While being sodomized, whipped, bound and raped, O’Brien overheard the globalist elite planning a military coup in the United States and conspiring to usher in the satanic New World Order

The Q&A (question and answers) starts at 1:35:00

This section Copied from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy_O’Brien

Cathleen Ann O’Brien (born December 4, 1957, Muskegon, Michigan[1]) is an American who says she is a victim of a mind control government project named Project Monarch, which she said was part of the CIA’s Project MKULTRA forbehavioral engineering of humans (mind control).[2][3][4][5][6] O’Brien made these assertions in Trance Formation of America (1995) and Access Denied: For Reasons of National Security (2004) which she co-authored with her husband Mark Phillips.[6]

Assertions[edit]

The memories that O’Brien has asserted she possesses were retrieved through the use of hypnosis. The specific program which she claimed was responsible for herdissociative identity disorder, Project Monarch, is not mentioned in reviews of MKULTRA, its alleged parent program. Because most MKULTRA records were deliberately destroyed in 1973 by order of then CIA Director Richard Helms, it has been difficult, if not impossible, for investigators to gain a complete understanding of the more than 150 individually funded research sub-projects sponsored by MKULTRA and related CIA programs.[7][8] In 1977, Richard Helms was suspended by the US Congress for lying about the US government’s anti-government activities abroad and illegal surveillance domestically.[9]

O’Brien also states that she has a recollection of child abuse — of her and her daughter — by international pedophile rings, drug barons and satanists, as part of asex slave aspect to her “trauma based mind control programming.” Individuals from United StatesCanadianMexican and Saudi Arabian government officials to stars of the Country and Western music scene are among those she accuses of these crimes. According to scholar Michael Barkun, investigations into the story produced no credible evidence and numerous inconsistencies.[5]

Project Monarch[edit]

O’Brien says she was recruited against her will by the CIA and her abusive father as a child, through a network of child pornographers he was involved with, and forced to participate in a mind control program named Project Monarch, which is said to be a subsection of Project MKULTRA and Project ARTICHOKE.[2][3][4][5]

Multiple personality[edit]

O’Brien says that she has developed dissociative identity disorder (previously misnomered as multiple personality disorder) and that she has no memory of some of her activities. She also says that she has a photographic recall of the events that she suffered whilst her alternate personalities were in control.[6]

Criticisms of O’Brien[edit]

Swedish scholar Mattias Gardell states that O’Brien’s assertions are almost entirely unsupported by any evidence outside her testimony or the similarly unverified testimony of others.[10] Michael Barkun states that “scholarly and journalistic treatments of MK-ULTRA make no mention of a Project Monarch”.[5]

Her stories have entered the conspiracy culture, linking assertions of satanic ritual abuse with MKUltra.[11] Mark Dice was skeptical of her assertions, but also commented, “there are very real victims of such programs” and “it is possible that a victim would write a book about them and have nobody believe her.”[12]

Other videos on Mind Control:

Illuminati & Pre-9/11 Subliminals and Symbolism in Movies (Re-edit)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4mRTc…

Britney Spears Illuminati Mind Control Victim
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80c_b…

Bill Clinton under mind control
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DUmb…

9/11 Subliminals: GCSE Exam Papers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhnGNS…

RFID Mind Control
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPsFXh…

Cathy O’Brien (with full index)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2S3fla…

Footnotes[edit]

  1. Jump up^ O’Brien, Cathy. “Trance Formation Of America”. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  2. Jump up to:a b Versluis, A (2006). The new inquisitions: heretic-hunting and the intellectual origins of modern totalitarianism. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. p. 173.ISBN 0-19-530637-6. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  3. Jump up to:a b de Young, M (2004). The day care ritual abuse moral panic. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland. p. 235. ISBN 0-7864-1830-3. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  4. Jump up to:a b Toropov B (2001). The complete idiot’s guide to urban legends. Indianapolis, Ind: Alpha Books. p. 221. ISBN 0-02-864007-1. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  5. Jump up to:a b c d Barkun, Michael (2003). A culture of conspiracy: apocalyptic visions in contemporary America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 76. ISBN 0-520-23805-2. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  6. Jump up to:a b c Phillips, Mark (1995). TranceFormation of America (pdf). Reality Marketing, Incorporated. ISBN 0-9660165-4-8. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  7. Jump up^ Walter H. Bowart (January 1971), Operation Mind Control, Dell Publishing
  8. Jump up^ John D. Marks (1979), The Search for the ‘Manchurian Candidate’: The CIA and Mind Control: The Secret History of the Behavioral Sciences, Penguin Books Ltd., retrieved 2013-10-27
  9. Jump up^ Christopher Marquis. “Richard Helms, Ex-C.I.A. Chief, Dies at 89”. New York Times. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
  10. Jump up^ Gardell M (2003). Gods of the blood: the pagan revival and white separatism. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3071-7. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  11. Jump up^ Knight P (2003). Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. pp. 487ISBN 1-57607-812-4.
  12. Jump up^ Mark Dice“Cathy O’Brien’s Claims of Being an MK-ULTRA victim”. Retrieved 2013-07-31.

External links[edit]

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Inc., located in Washington, DC, or Denver, CO?

Recently John McGuire and I went to the monthly liberty-oriented Movie Nite that the Hope For Rochester Ministry organizes, and as is tradition I streamed the presentation Which You Are You? (a.k.a. Who Are You?, a.k.a. What the Frequently Unanswered Questions?) onto our YouTube Channel, which you can find together with Bernie Wheater‘s presentation that followed in which he showed a short PowerPointed lesson on how the “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Inc.” corporate fake shadow-government hides inside our original and legitimate Government and has been used incrementally to strip you of all your rights (I exaggerate not) by making you legally someone other than who you think you are (if common law were in force), namely making you a corporate slave. So John, healthy skeptic that he is, started doing his own research (as Bernie had encouraged us all to do) and found out some really interesting data that we thought you should all probably know about. I have know for years about the Sovereign Citizen Movement (that John is just starting to find out about) and the Shadow Corporate De Facto Government. De facto is Latin for in fact, and in political terms it indicates a government that may have seized power unlawfully. They may not be constitutionally appointed, but are in fact. De jure is the opposite. A de facto government is supported by the people of the state and not by a constitution. A de jure governing body, on the other hand, is supported by a constitution currently in force. Or a de jure government is officially recognized by the constitution and other (neighboring) states, and sometimes even supranational and inter-governmental institutions. De facto governments are not recognized. De facto governments are caused, for example, by a revolution within (i.e. incited by the people of the state). This is what John wrote:

“I can’t believe no one is talking about this. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Inc., is in Evergreen, CO, a mere half-hour drive from the Denver Mint, the single largest producer of coins in the world! Does it get any shadier than this?”

Published on Jun 27, 2012

EXECUTIVE ORDER, NATIONAL DEFENSE RESOURCES PREPAREDNESS in Words http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-o… Obama Executive Order Seizes U.S. Infrastructure & Citizens for Military Preparedness & Slavery Details Explained Video! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myPEND… The Defense Production Act of 1950. The Federal Restricted Buildings and Grounds Improvement Act that effortlessly passed the House and the Senate is a law that most Americans don’t know about but could put them behind bars for up to 10 years. The law states it is a prosecutable offense to without lawful authority enter a building or grounds of a special event of national significance or enter a building or grounds where the President or other person protected by the Secret Service is or will be temporarily visiting. Your Employers “Gov’t Servants “can kill you legally for no reason “or if you know the TRUTH”. If you don’t fire them your DEAD ! Legalizing Holocaust. Under National Defense Authorization Act S 1867 U.S. military can (1) arrest U.S. Citizens without any charges (or evidence) (2) Can do it secretly (Just disappear you) (3) Can hold you indefinitely (4) With No Right to a Trial. (5) Can torture. (6) Can assassinate U.S. Citizens. Stop them NOW or DIE ! Your All Terrorists(TRUTHERS), going to take Gov’t Word No DUE Process ! National Defense Authorization Act S 1867 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National… S 1867 NDAA End of Human Rights Petition http://www.change.org/petitions/stop-…… FAIR USE NOTICE: This video may contain copyrighted material. Such material is made available for educational purposes only. Martial Law Bill Passes Congress Allows Military to Arrest, Permanently Detain, Torture, Kill American Citizens without Trial. The National Defense Authorization Act. America is a War Zone. Romney Ron Paul http://www.campaignforliberty.org/ .Know who runs the World the Federal Reserve system was fraudulently created & it’s Counterfeiting Notes “the Dollar” is illegal & Unconstitutional. Become a Freeman on the Land & know the Deceptions of the Law. Statues & Acts are not law & need your consent (like stating your name or showing ID) Don’t enter the Law Society. lawyer society unalienable rights commerce maritime admiralty common ucc uniform commercial code contract consent civil corruption central bank karma reincarnation enlightenment united states passport legal fiction register court judge property imf wto foreclosure social security Medicaid Medicare debt consent blacks law society sovereignty Osama bin laden death Al Qaeda terrorist haarp chemtrails fema coast to coast am gas oil price middle east 2012 conspiracy terror food crisis gold silver revolution inflation Ron Paul Obama zeitgeist disaster riots protests jobs alex jones prison planet info wars nature corporation wikileaks climate change police state meditation constitutional Jesus Christ ufo’s aliens tea party rand paul Jesse Ventura David Icke max Kaiser Mayan spirituality free Tibet china tyranny terrorism consciousness world war 3 Buddhism Tao Zen god truth justice knowledge wise slavery history freedom fluoride peace love history terrorism occupation information deception paradigm matrix law America recession inflation economy stock market bush depression nwo space mac mind control Hinduism meditation Egypt Libya Jews Israel Mayan new York 911 lies conspiracy theory sovereign state imf wto world bank apply federal reserve slavery Islamic Yemen Pakistan Afghanistan Syria Saudi Arabia Persians Sunni Shiite Islam Iran Iraq Israel 9/11 maritime admiralty law Monsanto seeds farms fda fbi cia homeland security sovereignty graham Hancock Peter Shiff sovereignty earthquake tsunami nuclear japan radiation precession of the equinox prophecy revelation apocalypse rapture bible Christian Pakistan Fukushima default debt stock market crash Peter Schiff max Kaiser rt Oath Keepers tsar ion Occupy Wall Street End the Fed Alan Watts truth movement we are the 99% we are change anonymous marine soldier occupy marines a new alliance Tear Gas OWS Zuccotti park TSA

Ever Wonder why having that Birth Certificate was so important? Why a Certified Certificate of Live Birth from the Hospital wasn’t sufficient enough? I didn’t have a Birth Certificate until I was 12 years old, when suddenly it was required to play Bobbysocks, even after already joining the previous year. Some time in the 1980’s, it was required that you have a Social Security Number for your children in order to claim them on your taxes. Of course, a Birth Certificate is required to obtain an SSN. This video is posted for educational purposes only. No copyright infringement intended.

USC “law” is fictional law. It is 100% color of law no matter how the “government” put it. ALL, and I mean ALL of our judges and representative are not qualified by the constitution to even be in office remember that these people CHOOSE to take an OATH to those “laws” by their own recognition (see 18 USC 1918, 18 USC 241, 18 USC 242, 5 USC 7311, 18 USC 1621 and 5 USC 3333.)
<a>Gnarly Carly</a>
On March 28th, 1861 Congress adjourned sine die and never has reconvened de jure…

What you think is the Government of the United States of America is, in fact, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA INC., and the Congress and Senate are STOCKHOLDERS or CORPORATE OFFICERS. The real United States of America Government died (sine die) and never returned.

The original 13th Amendment prohibits “Esquires” (Attorneys) from holding positions of public office. Read the only one I could find,inside Texas, and look at the date!!!!! ..1819 not recognized by the CORPORATE (defacto) UNITED STATES.

U.S. Citizens were declared enemies of the U.S. CORPORATION by F.D.R. by Executive Order No. 2040 and ratified by Congress on March 9th, 1933, 48 Stat. 1, resulting in use of the Rules of Land Warfare being part and party to their Constitution. ‘FOR THEIR PROTECTION’

F.D.R. changed the meaning of The Trading with the Enemy Act of December 6th, 1917 by changing the word “without” to CITIZENS “within” the United States. The multi-nation Bankruptcy and Great Depression changed our world. The Bankers and Attornies of England took over completely. Thank you F.D.R. …you are hereby assigned 2nd in line to the burn pile…ain’t enough duck tape for that guy!!

Today, almost all mothers unknowingly inform on their own babies. Take a look at the so-called “Birth Certificate” CERTIFICATE OF LIVE BIRTH where the mother signs and you’ll see the title of the box stating in small print: “MOTHER OR OTHER INFORMANT.”

The word “OTHER” makes the mother an “informant.” By signing the “Birth Certificate” as an informer, she contracts with the government putting her child and her child’s future labor AND SERVICE IN THE ARMED FORCES as collateral for the national debt (servitude-slavery.)

Will The Real Knights Templar Please Stand Up

Gonfanon2
Gonfanon2 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

 

FOR $1,000,000: SPOT THE FAKE OR DISSOLVED ORGANIZATION
Order/Knights of Malta
Knights Templar
Papal Knights
Knights of Columbus
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Swiss Guard
Jesuits
Legion of Christ
Opus Dei
Illuminati
Freemasons

 

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Absolutely know the the Truth about the Shroud of Turin

By:Daniel J Leach

Many claim that The Shroud of Turin is Jesus Christ but the  Knights Templar claim that this is Jacques de Molay.  I myself would like to think that this is Jesus Christ but with my research and understanding of history tend to lead me to believe that this is indeed Jacques de Molay and not Jesus Christ.

Geoffroi de Charny (the French Knight who died at the 1356 battle of Poitiers) and his wife Jeanne de Vergy are the first reliably recorded owners of the Turin Shroud. This Geoffroi participated in a failed crusade under Humbert II of Viennois in the late 1340s.[26] He is sometimes confused with Templar Geoffroi de Charney.[27]

This Section Copied from: http://blog.templarhistory.com/2010/03/the-templars-and-the-shroud-of-turin/

Any discussion of the Shroud of Turin is bound to be controversial. Those who view this sacred and holy relic fall into two camps, those that believe it to be the undisputed earthly evidence of a Christ risen and those who believe it to be a medieval forgery.

It is not the intention of this web site to cast doubt on or support the authenticity of the shroud, but rather to show its possible relationship to the Knights Templar. We receive many letters from angry people who wish to enter into lengthy debates about carbon 14 reliability. We are aware of new evidence that puts the reliability of carbon 14 dating in question, so please refrain from telling us of the findings or directing us to URLs that make the claims.

There are two theories that relate to the Templars having been involved with the Shroud, one, which would support the authenticity of the Shroud and another, which would refute it.

In 1204 the Crusaders sacked the city of Constantinople. Among them were the Knights Templar, whom some scholars contend took the Burial shroud of Jesus from the city. To support this theory, author Ian Wilson who wrote the book “The Shroud of Turin: Burial Cloth Of Jesus?” makes the claim that the head that the Templars were accused of worshipping was none other than that of Jesus. His belief is that the Shroud when folded depicted the head of Christ and was referred to as the “Mandylion.” There is a painted panel at Templecombe in England that shows a bearded head like that, which is depicted on the Mandylion.

In their two books, “The Hiram Key” and “The Second Messiah,” authors Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas paint a contrasting picture to the Mandylion theory. The authors theorize that the image on the Shroud of Turin is in fact that of the last Grand Master of the order, Jacques de Molay, who was tortured some months before his execution in 1307. The image on the shroud certainly does fit the description of de Molay as depicted in medieval wood cuts, a long nose, hair shoulder length and parted in the center, a full beard that forked at its base, not to mention the six-foot frame. De Molay was said to be quite tall.

However, many have criticized the theory on the basis that the Templar rule of order forbade the Templars from growing their hair long. What critics of the theory overlook is that during DeMolay’s seven years in prison it is highly unlikely that he would have been afforded such luxuries as good grooming.

Knight and Lomas claim that the shroud figured in the Templars rituals of figurative resurrection and that DeMolay’s tortured body was wrapped in a shroud, which the Templars kept after his death. Lomas and Knight further believe that lactic acid and blood from DeMolay’s tortured body mixed with frankincense (used to whiten the cloth) etching his image into the shroud.

When the shroud was first put on display in 1357 (50 years after the disbanding of the order) by the family of Geoffrey de Charney who was also burned at the stake with de Molay, the first people viewing the shroud recognized the image to be that of Christ.

The authors theorize that Jacques de Molay may have been tortured in a manner similar to Christ as a mockery. Certainly then, the wounds suffered by de Molay where the same as those of Jesus Christ on the Cross.

Today it is commonly believed by many, through carbon dating, that the shroud dates to the late 13th century and not to the date of Christ’s supposed crucifixion. It is interesting that the church revealed these carbon dating results on October 13th, 1989, which is the same day the Templars were arrested by Church and State. According to the authors:

“Carbon dating has conclusively shown that the Shroud of Turin dates from between 1260 and 1380, precisely as we would expect if it were the image of Jacques de Molay. There is no other known theory that fits the scientifically established facts. Through experimentation, we know that the figure on the Shroud was on a soft bed of some kind, which strongly suggests that the victim was not dead and was expected to recover.”

The Second Messiah pg. 161 – Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas

Regardless of whether the findings of Ian Wilson or Knight and Lomas are correct, it is evident that this most holy and venerated relic has found its way into the Templar mythos.

Lynn Picknet and Clive Prince, authors of “Turin Shroud: In Whose Image?” present another theory of interest on the matter. Readers will recognize the authors from the book, “The Templar Revelation.” In the authors’ earlier book the duo claim that Leonardo Da Vinci who created an early photographic technique manufactured the image on the shroud of Turin.

Stephanie Pappas
Live Science
Thu, 05 Apr 2012 17:01 CDT
Print

Shroud of Turin

© Public domain
Full-length negative photograph of the Shroud of Turin.

A hoax or a miracle? The Shroud of Turin has inspired this question for centuries. Now, an art historian says this piece of cloth, said to bear the imprint of the crucified body of Jesus Christ, may be something in between.

According to Thomas de Wesselow, formerly of Cambridge University, the controversial shroud is no medieval forgery, as a 1989 attempt at radiocarbon dating suggests. Nor is the strange outline of the body on the fabric a miracle, de Wesselow writes in his new book, The Sign: The Shroud of Turin and the Secret of the Resurrection (Dutton Adult, 2012). Instead, de Wesselow suggests, the shroud was created by natural chemical processes – and then interpreted by Jesus’ followers as a sign of his resurrection.

“People in the past did not view images as just the mundane things that we see them as today. They were potentially alive. They were seen as sources of power,” de Wesselow told LiveScience. The image of Jesus found on the shroud would have been seen as a “living double,” he said. “It seemed like they had a living double after his death and therefore it was seen as Jesus resurrected.”

Believing the shroud

As de Wesselow is quick to admit, this idea is only a hypothesis. No one has tested whether a decomposing body could leave an imprint on shroud-style cloth like the one seen on the shroud. A 2003 paper published in the journal Melanoidins in Food and Health, however, posited that chemicals from the body could react with carbohydrates on the cloth, resulting in a browning reaction similar to the one seen on baked bread. (De Wesselow said he knows of no plans to conduct an experiment to discover if this idea really works.)

Perhaps more problematic is the authenticity of the shroud itself. Radiocarbon dating conducted in 1988 estimated the shroud to medieval times, between approximately A.D. 1260 and 1390. This is also the same time period when records of the shroud begin to appear, suggesting a forgery.

Critics have charged that the researchers who dated the shroud accidentally chose asample of fabric added to the shroud during repairs in the medieval era, skewing the results. That controversy still rages, but de Wesselow is convinced of the shroud’s authenticity from an art history approach.

“It’s nothing like any other medieval work of art,” de Wesselow said. “There’s just nothing like it.”

Among the anachronisms, de Wesselow said, is the realistic nature of the body outline. No one was painting that realistically in the 14th century, he said. Similarly, the body image is in negative (light areas are dark and vice versa), a style not seen until the advent of photography centuries later, he said.

“From an art historian’s point of view, it’s completely inexplicable as a work of art of this period,” de Wesselow said.

Resurrection: spiritual or physical?

If de Wesselow’s belief in the shroud’s legitimacy is likely to rub skeptics the wrong way, his mundane explanation of how the image of Jesus came to be is likely to ruffle religious feathers. According to de Wesselow, there’s no need to invoke a miracle when simple chemistry could explain the imprint. It’s likely, he says, that Jesus’ female followers returned to his tomb to finish anointing his body for burial three days after his death. When they lifted the shroud to complete their work, they would have seen the outline of the body and interpreted it as a sign of Jesus’ spiritual revival.

From there, de Wesselow suspects, the shroud went on tour around the Holy Land, providing physical proof of the resurrection to Jesus’ followers. When the Bible talks about people meeting Jesus post-resurrection, de Wesselow said, what it really means is that they saw the shroud. He cites the early writings of Saint Paul, which focus on a spiritual resurrection, over the gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke and John, which were written later and invoke physical resurrection.

“The original conception of the resurrection was that Jesus was resurrected in a spiritual body, not in his physical body,” de Wesselow said.

These ideas are already receiving pushback, though de Wesselow says he’s yet to get responses from people who have read his entire book. Noted skeptic Joe Nickell toldMSNBC’s Alan Boyle that de Wesselow’s ideas were “breathtakingly astonishing,” and not in a good way; Nickell has argued on multiple occasions that the shroud’s spotty historical record and too-perfect image strongly suggest a counterfeit.

On the other end of the religious spectrum, former high-school teacher and Catholic religious speaker David Roemer believes in Jesus’ resurrection, but not the shroud’s authenticity. The image is too clear and the markings said to be blood aren’t smeared as they would be if the cloth had covered a corpse, Roemer told LiveScience.

“When you get an image this detailed, it means it was done by some kind of a human being,” Roemer said.

Unlike many “shroudies,” as believers are deprecatingly called, Roemer suspects the shroud was deliberately created by Gnostic sects in the first or second century. A common religious explanation for the markings is that a flash of energy or radiation accompanied Christ’s resurrection, “burning” his image onto the cloth.

If anything is certain about de Wesselow’s hypothesis, it’s that it is not likely to settle the shroud controversy. Scientific examinations of the delicate cloth are few and far between – and so are disinterested parties. Roemer, for example, recently arrived at a scheduled talk at a Catholic church in New York only to find the talk had been canceled when the priest learned of Roemer’s shroud skepticism. (The Catholic Church has no official position on the shroud’s authenticity.)

Meanwhile, de Wesselow said, people who aren’t driven by faith to accept the cloth as real generally don’t care about the shroud at all.

“The intellectual establishment, if you like, is not interested in shroud science,” he said. “It regards it as fringe and it’s not interested.”

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