Let just say I had a health scare this past weekend and wound up checking myself into the Emergency room at
Strong Memorial Hospital – Rochester, NY after pain started when I had a hard sneeze. I finished the night at my Walmart security Job and then went on to my 2nd job working at the Rochester City School district as a school sentry. I made it through lunch but I was in to much pain to finish the day that’s when I decided to go see the school nurse and see what she thought. She said that if I was her she would go to the ER thats after she asked me if I was feeling nauseous, up to that point I was in to much pain to think. That until she asked me that question right then it hit me that I was nauseous and that was scary I thought I was having appendix pain after talking to the school nurse and as a safety precaution I decided to go to the ER.
The Next 12 hrs were a real eye opener to me and should be to you as well. So when I first checked myself into the ER it was around 1:30 in the afternoon and they took my info, blood pressure an vitals then told me to wait and that someone would be with me soon and about a 1/2 hr later I was called in to another waiting room inside the ER’s Rapid response hall, were I waited for about 30 minuets till they brought me into the initial examination room that had a table that I sat on and waited for the nurse to take my Vitals again but this time they also took blood as well. After talking to the nurse and residency medical doctor I was asked if I wanted pain medication I made a mistake and said I think I can wait till I talk to the doctor. I must have been put on the not so urgent to see list because I sat in that room for about 3 hrs before my dad showed up and stared to make things happen by asking questions of why its taking so long to see a doctor.
After my dad showed up I was put outside of the Rapid response hallway to wait for a room with other ER patience that took about another 2 hrs sitting in a hallway to wait for a room. Finally they called my name a thought of relief came over me. They took me to a examination room with 6 other people two people per examination area. I thought that this was just another waiting room because it did not have hospital beds just hard plastic chairs for patients to sit in to wait to be examined by the doctors.
As we were waiting to see my doctor the girl that was sitting next to me on her hard plastic chair had her ER doctor came in and proceed to do an examination on this young woman who had to be in her teen to early 20 somethings with out asking us to leave the area. I was still in pain but I decided out of respect for this young woman that I would give her privacy as that’s what Id want for myself or my child. I couldn’t believe that the doctors were going to examine this stranger in front of myself and my dad. All I can say is “Am I in the twilight zone” is this really happening in America. Yes it is an you can thank Obama Care.
This photo above is what you would expect to be placed in when you have a trip to the ER before Obama Care.
This is what you can expect to see in your initial Examination, other people in the ER room with you and a plastic chair. You can for get your rights to privacy and comfort if you voted for Obama.
I have to be thankful that my dad was with me because he spoke up on my behalf and when the doctors came in to examine me for the first time my dad said to the doctors this is ridiculous to be examined in front of other patience s that we didn’t know. He asked about my rights to privacy and about the HIPPA Laws. As soon as my dad asked about the Laws then the doctors quickly left the room and sent in my nurse again, she said that they would get me a room with an examination table and that the residency medical doctor had miss diagnosed me and sent me to the wrong room.
I have to say that this trip to the ER was much different than the 13 other times that I had gone to the ER years ago when I would dislocate my shoulder but that was before this new generation of obamacare. To me it seems that we have taken a step back and have manifested into a 3rd world class of medical care. Years ago you would go to the ER and get first class service yes you would wait just like anyone else but you would get a room asap you wouldn’t get stuck sitting in hard plastic chairs for 6 plus hours sick and in pain. Just to get an examination in front of complete strangers, my dad was correct that is ridiculous and unacceptable. We as the American people should demand better and stop voting for the Communist Socialist Party’s like the Democrats and Republicans that keep moving us closer to a Communist Governmental System or you to can expect to lose your rights and privacy like they tried with me in that examination room.
I have to say all the people at the hospital working were kind and professional to the highest degree expect when it came to the initial examination that they tried to do in front of other strangers. I know how hard these people work because I spent ten years in the Medical field myself and understand the great pressure they are under to preform at such high standards. The problems that I see are coming from the State and the insurance company’s that cover medical treatments. I’m just thankful that my visit to the ER turned out to be just a infection and inflammation that can be treated with antibiotics. So after about 12 hrs I was released to go home and given the weekend off of work and I spent that time recovering and with my baby Girl Ella.
Some of the of the best citizen investigators that I know have put together and compiled one of the best detailed independent investigations Iv seen. They have compiled 100+ clips regarding anomalies about the April 15th 2013 Boston Bombing this is some of the most powerful stuff Iv seen in the search for truth in this independent investigation about the Bombing Boston.
“Knowing the lie travels around the world before the truth can tie it’s shoelaces, I decided to share again a year later after citizen investigators unearthed the truth”. John Etter
John Etter“Plasma Burn” did a very good job exposing Jeff the other day on his YouTube channel.
Now second on my list of clips:
Boston WEAK – Bauman Fraudster…See More
On May 7, 1966 a 9 year old child named Cathy O’Brien was subjected to an occult ritual named “The Rite to Remain Silent”. This is her own very shocking and eye-opening life story about her experience as a CIA MK-Ultra Whitehouse Pentagon level trauma-based Mind Control slave. She speaks out to expose those who abused, who go right up to presidents and congressmen and women and to give voice to the many mind control victims out there who can’t think to speak out.
O’Brien claims to have been abused since she was a toddler by her own family. Forced to partake in satanic sadomasochistic child pornography movies produced for Gerald Ford, she was eventually sold to the CIA, which was looking for traumatized children for their mind-control program … U.S. Presidents Ford, Reagan, Bush and Bill Clinton; Canadian Prime Ministers Pierre Trudeau and Brian Mulroney; Mexican President Miguel de la Madrid; Haitian dictator Baby Doc Duvalier; Panamanian President Manuel Noriega; and King Fahd of Saudi Arabia all sexually brutalized her. She recounts in graphic detail how the elder George Bush raped her thirteen year old daughter and how she was forced to have oral sex with Illuminati witch Hillary Clinton … While being sodomized, whipped, bound and raped, O’Brien overheard the globalist elite planning a military coup in the United States and conspiring to usher in the satanic New World Order
Cathleen Ann O’Brien (born December 4, 1957, Muskegon, Michigan[1]) is an American who says she is a victim of a mind control government project named Project Monarch, which she said was part of the CIA’sProject MKULTRA forbehavioral engineering of humans (mind control).[2][3][4][5][6] O’Brien made these assertions in Trance Formation of America (1995) and Access Denied: For Reasons of National Security (2004) which she co-authored with her husband Mark Phillips.[6]
The memories that O’Brien has asserted she possesses were retrieved through the use of hypnosis. The specific program which she claimed was responsible for herdissociative identity disorder, Project Monarch, is not mentioned in reviews of MKULTRA, its alleged parent program. Because most MKULTRA records were deliberately destroyed in 1973 by order of then CIA Director Richard Helms, it has been difficult, if not impossible, for investigators to gain a complete understanding of the more than 150 individually funded research sub-projects sponsored by MKULTRA and related CIA programs.[7][8] In 1977, Richard Helms was suspended by the US Congress for lying about the US government’s anti-government activities abroad and illegal surveillance domestically.[9]
O’Brien also states that she has a recollection of child abuse — of her and her daughter — by international pedophile rings, drug barons and satanists, as part of asex slave aspect to her “trauma based mind control programming.” Individuals from United States, Canadian, Mexican and Saudi Arabian government officials to stars of the Country and Western music scene are among those she accuses of these crimes. According to scholar Michael Barkun, investigations into the story produced no credible evidence and numerous inconsistencies.[5]
O’Brien says she was recruited against her will by the CIA and her abusive father as a child, through a network of child pornographers he was involved with, and forced to participate in a mind control program named Project Monarch, which is said to be a subsection of Project MKULTRA and Project ARTICHOKE.[2][3][4][5]
O’Brien says that she has developed dissociative identity disorder (previously misnomered as multiple personality disorder) and that she has no memory of some of her activities. She also says that she has a photographic recall of the events that she suffered whilst her alternate personalities were in control.[6]
Swedish scholar Mattias Gardell states that O’Brien’s assertions are almost entirely unsupported by any evidence outside her testimony or the similarly unverified testimony of others.[10] Michael Barkun states that “scholarly and journalistic treatments of MK-ULTRA make no mention of a Project Monarch”.[5]
Her stories have entered the conspiracy culture, linking assertions of satanic ritual abuse with MKUltra.[11]Mark Dice was skeptical of her assertions, but also commented, “there are very real victims of such programs” and “it is possible that a victim would write a book about them and have nobody believe her.”[12]
President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda meets with President Ronald Reagan at the White House, October 1987. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
We at InternatioanlChristianParty.com stand with and support this move to restore Uganda in the Spirit of Christ. God says in the Bible that if we confess our sins and repent that he is able to forgive us he also says that he can heal the Land and Nation. I only hope that the people of the world keep an eye on Uganda and see how good and great the promises of the one and only Holy God really are and follow this path.
” If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land.” 2 Chronicles 7:14 King James Version (KJV)
“I stand here today to close the evil past, and especially in the last 50 years of our national leadership history and at the threshold of a new dispensation in the life of this nation. I stand here on my own behalf and on behalf of my predecessors to repent. We ask for your forgiveness.”
“We confess these sins, which have greatly hampered our national cohesion and delayed our political, social and economic transformation. We confess sins of idolatry and witchcraft which are rampant in our land. We confess sins of shedding innocent blood, sins of political hypocrisy, dishonesty, intrigue and betrayal.”
“Forgive us of sins of pride, tribalism and sectarianism; sins of laziness, indifference and irresponsibility; sins of corruption and bribery that have eroded our national resources; sins of sexual immorality, drunkenness and debauchery; sins of unforgiveness, bitterness, hatred and revenge; sins of injustice, oppression and exploitation; sins of rebellion, insubordination, strife and conflict.”
“We want to dedicate this nation to you so that you will be our God and guide. We want XXXXXX to be known as a nation that fears God and as a nation whose foundations are firmly rooted in righteousness and justice to fulfill what the Bible says in Psalm 33:12: Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord. A people you have chosen as your own.”
If these words had been spoken by OUR president, it would be a great day indeed, but alas, they weren’t. They were spoken by a real Christian President known as Yoweri Museveni of Uganda. He spoke those words at the National Jubilee Prayers event held to celebrate the nation’s 50th anniversary of their independence from British rule.
The first step to a nation’s restoration is for the leadership to confess and repent of the nation’s sin along with those of the leadership. Hezekiah repented of his sins and those of the nation. God cured him of his illness and blessed the nation, until his Manasseh took the throne and did evil in the sight of the Lord.
If America wants to receive the blessings of God that we once had, it has to start with the President. Barack Obama, who claims to be a Christian, needs to follow the lead of Museveni of Uganda. He needs to genuinely confess the sins of the nation and himself, then truly repent of those sins and ask God and the people for forgiveness. Then and only then, will God bless our land. Until that happens, America is destined to suffer the same fate that Israel did under leaders like Omri and Ahab.
The city recently settled lawsuits by 10,000 WTC workers, more than 600 of whom have developed cancer. But officials have so far insisted there is no scientific proof that Ground Zero smoke and dust caused cancer.
An FDNY spokesman gave a statement for Dr. Prezant, saying: ‘The study is ongoing, and no conclusions have been reached on whether cancer rates have increased for firefighters.’ But fire union bosses in New York have expressed their concern about the findings.
Al Hagan, head of the fire-officers union, told the New York Post: ‘I’m led to believe that the numbers for those cancers across all ranks in the Fire Department of people who worked at Ground Zero is up significantly, and we’re all very concerned about it, as are our families.’ Steve Cassidy, president of the firefighters union, said Ground Zero’s ‘toxic stew’ has proven lethal. He said: ‘It’s a fact that New York City firefighters are dying of cancer in record numbers. ‘We have buried 10 firefighters in just the last 15 weeks, seven with cancer. On Sept. 10, 2001, they were young, healthy firefighters.’
In 2007, doctors at Mt. Sinai Medical Center, which monitors World Trade Center rescue workers, noted blood cancers like multiple myeloma, which normally strikes in the 60s or 70s, were being found in relatively young officers.
The New York state Health Department has confirmed that 345 Ground Zero workers have died of various cancers as of June 2010.
Are these cancers all from toxins in the dust? You know what else causes high rates of cancer?
Every potential client considering a contingent fee agreement with a lawyer should first consider this story about a worker who spent hundreds of hours cleaning up the “ground zero” site in New York City after the 9/11/01 terror attacks. He was steered to a NY law firm which is handling 10,000 such claims, so he probably assumed they knew what they were doing. They twisted his arm to get him to accept a settlement for just $10K, all of which went to the firm’s fees, unitemized firm expenses, and paying back a small amount of his workman’s compensation benefits, leaving him, literally, with a check for $0.00, totally broke, and now diagnosed with life-threatening cancer:
CANCER-STRICKEN Ground Zero worker Edgar Galvis has finally received a compensation cheque – for zero dollars.
The man … was relieved to get a cheque in the mail for his court settlement with Merrill Lynch, whose offices he had cleaned.
But he was stunned when he saw the amount: $0.00.
His award had been $10,005, but his lawyers at the firm Worby, Groner, Edelman & Napoli Bern lopped off $2579 for unitemised legal expenses.
Then they took a 33.3 per cent fee of $2124. They also subtracted $352, a fee to the lawyer who referred him.
The remaining $4950 was withheld for unspecified “liens”, the letter says.
Mr Galvis thinks this was repayment of workers’ compensation for aid.
…”I couldn’t believe it. I thought it was a joke.”…In May 2005, a friend gave him a business card passed out by the law firm. A representative came to his home.
“The man told me that more than likely I will get sick and I would get 60 per cent of whatever he won,” Mr Galvis said.
“He even mentioned the words ‘millions of dollars’.”
In April 2010, he got a $10,000 offer. A letter from the law firm said he could expect about $5000 after expenses and fees.
It warned that if his case went to trial and he lost, he could owe the firm up to $100,000 in costs.
He took the settlement. [Apparently the settlement was based on losing sleep and sinus problems, but then he was diagnosed with cancer, but the firm told him] it was “too late” to adjust his claim. [Sounds odd to me.]
The total Merrill settlement came to $18 million for about 400 clients, documents show.
Galvis is one of nearly 10,000 Ground Zero workers represented by Napoli Bern, which led talks for a separate settlement with the city for $712 million. A partner in the firm, Paul Napoli, did not respond to a request for comment.
Lawyers working on a contingent fee basis can’t make money spending lots of time on small claims, which is what they thought this was when they settled it. (There’s even a chance the expenses aren’t real, just another profit center.) Even though they knew the client might get sicker — they even predicted it — they sold him out, pressured him to settle, and apparently didn’t make any effort to amend or restart the proceedings to protect his interests once he got sicker. Settling for $10K, given his financial situation, even if he got to keep the whole $10K, wouldn’t solve any of his problems — but for the firm, assuming they spent little or no time on a matter, you can make $50 million if you make roughly $5K each on 10K cases.
A particularly dirty tactic was to threaten the client with an absurdly inflated amount for expenses to go to trial — not something they mentioned up front, apparently. The primary expense in this sort of case is usually expert medical testimony, but this shouldn’t cost anything close to $100K and it wouldn’t make sense for the firm to recommend settlement without already having an expert opinion. More reasonable contingent fee lawyers eat the expenses rather than bankrupt the clients they fail to help. (This is one of the firms that also earned international disdain for the amount of money they demanded for “legal fees” from the government fund created to help the first responders, etc., who took well over half the money — including payments to government lawyers — and didn’t try a single case. I gather they’ve been paid hundreds of millions of dollars and haven’t even come close to trying a single case.)
Lawyers doing contingent fee work often resort to the same sorts of tactics to woo clients that are used by used car salespeople and con men. This happens every day with many of the contingent fee mills. You need to shop around, make a record of what they tell you before and after you sign, and complain to the police and bar if you believe you’ve been taken advantage of.
In this case, the plaintiff’s lawyer rendered a far more valuable service to Merrill Lynch, which dodged a multi-million dollar bullet thanks to their opponent’s professional advisers. We’ll have to see whether the authorities in New York decide to step in — not likely based on their track record.
So you may be thinking what does the Movie Prometheus have to do with the New World Order? we will reveal the agenda behind Prometheus, the new film by legendary director Ridley Scott (Alien, Blade Runner, Gladiator) hitting theaters June 8.
This film is a Parallel Story of the deep dark secrets of the Illuminati’s ancient occultism religious faith and theological views or ideals! These idea’s have been developed by the ruling elite family’s who believe that they have been chosen by a off world super race with higher intelligence, to rule the world. They believe that this off world intelligence has directed them to control mans DNA and future. The elite believe they are the Earths gods and are destined for the stars. They think its a divine right bestowed on them by a higher intelligence that gives them credence to their meddling with the affairs of common man. The Illuminati want to merge man with Machine so that they can live forever and be like gods! The Bad news is that if you do not belong to the family you will not be invited to live forever but will be exterminated like bugs by those who will be chosen to get the life extenuation technologies!
You see the Illuminati choose to follow a plan to control world population by mass sterilization using soft kill weapons to depopulate the world with poisons through GMO Food, Vaccination, and other technological advances. The Idea of creating the master race did not die with Adolf Hitler its still alive and well! Its now called transhumanist The Global Future 2045 International Congress, led by iconic futurist Ray Kurzweil and held in Moscow a few months back, lays out a stark vision of the future for neo-humanity where AI, cybernetics, nanotech and other emerging technologies replace mankind– an openly transhumanist vision now being steered by the elite, but which emerged out of the Darwinian-circles directed by the likes of T.H. Huxley and his grandchildren Julian, who coined the term Transhumanism, and Aldous Huxley, author of Brave New World. Resistance to this rapid shift in society, the 2045 conference argues, is nothing short of a return to the middle ages.
Prometheus was a Nephilim from a different time period.
The Prometheus Film is basically shinning a light on the (presumably fallen angels) Nummo or Nephilim. These giants were noted for their strength and warlike abilities. The Greeks called them TITANS while the Bible called them Nephilim. Prometheus. According to the Sumerians the Nephalim were like Gods to them, large humanid beings. Seems similar to the Space Jockey concepts. Also according to prophecies, the Annunaki along with the Nephilim will return in 2012 to Earth, to their children they created.
The NEPHILIM offspring four different races;
THE ANNAKIM (they would weigh chains until earth’s core could not support them.)
THE REPHAIM (Your heart will melt in their presence)
THE ZAMZOUMIM (Achievers, Their necks would obscure the sun.)
THE EMMIM (Terrifying ones)
THE GIBBORIM (The strong ones, the giants, the ancient heroes)
The NEPHILIM introduced zoophilia on earth; and broke down the natural order of things. “The viper would mingle with the lion, and the vulture with the dog, and man with nephilim, nephilim with animals etc…..They also drank each other blood .
Some accounts have been written about the NEPHILIM, for instance a midrash of genesis Rabbah says that on a wedding night ,a nephilim would appear in front of the newly wed, possess the man than kill him ,than he would possess(sexually) the bride, kill her too, drink their blood and vanish.
Other sources states that they would feed on live camels and horses.
A Talmudic scholar asks: “How can a angel, which is pure white fire penetrate a woman without burning her from the inside? His master answered: They took human shape that’s how they were able to copulate. In fact it was those bodies who entrapped them so that they couldn’t resist earthly desires.
The Nummo. The Dogon talked about alien beings known as Nummo who came to Earth from another star system. These fish and serpent like beings were hermaphrodites who spent more time in water than on land. Shannon presents examples of how these amphibious aliens appeared all over the ancient world and makes connection with mitochondrial Eve, Mary Magdalene, Masonic symbolism and more. She reveals how the Dogon religion is the core religion from which other religions including Judaism and Christianity have evolved. We’ll discuss the Nummo’s voyage to Earth, their knowledge of genetic engineering, Dogon mythologyand their intention with humanity.
Nommo is a better spelling, “Nummo” comes from D.Icke, as he attempts to steal the story and retell it to provide his own brand of “evidence”…
And the original story is spectacular, however, There is at least one article out there with good looking references… (if they are or not..)
Seems the original French anthropological expedition may have faked the “findings” (why???… for the money, naturally) and some 50 years later, another French expedition tried to check the story (things move slowly in the world of cultural archeology)
Unfortunately apparently these people’s findings only come to light some 30 years after publishing, and so MANY books and essential theories are proposed using original Dogon and Sumerian mythologies as a basis. (all those links about Sirius are no longer Serious)
Leave it to the French to place a blemish on the entire field of anthropology/archeology/and well…. trying to accurately dig up the past, in general.
Thanks to DrPostman for bringing this to my attention several months ago.
There is still something from the Bible that has to do with this idea of Prometheus
Genesis 6:4 states “The Nephilim were on the earth in those days –and also afterwards– when the sons of God went to the daughters of men and had children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown.” The Nephilim were a race of giants that were produced by the sexual union of the sons of God (presumably fallen angels) and the daughters of men. Translated from the Hebrew texts, “Nephilim” means “fallen ones.” They were renowned for their strength, prowess, and a great capacity for sinfulness.
The origination of the Nephilim begins with a story of the fallen angels. Shemhazai, an angel of high rank, led a sect of angels in a descent to earth to instruct humans in righteousness. The tutelage went on for a few centuries, but soon the angels pined for the human females. After lusting, the fallen angels instructed the women in magic and conjuring, mated with them, and produced hybrid offspring: the Nephilim.
The Nephilim were gigantic in stature. Their strength was prodigious and their appetites immense. Upon devouring all of humankind’s resources, they began to consume humans themselves. The Nephilim attacked and oppressed humans and were the cause of massive destruction on the earth.
Two texts of central import to the story of the Nephilim, the Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls, mention several names for the Nephilim. The diverse kinds of these giants are cited in several passages. They are variously referred to as Emim, or “Terrors” (Gen. 14:5; Deut. 2:10), Rephaim, or “Weakeners” or “Dead Ones” (2 Sam. 23:13; 1 Chron. 11:15), Gibborim, or “Giant Heroes” (Job 16:4), Zamzummim, or “Achievers” (Deut. 2:10), Anakim, or “Long-necked” (Deut. 2:10; Josh. 11:22, 14:15), and Awwim or “Devastators” and “Serpents.” Other giants are mentioned in these texts as well, such as Goliath (2 Sam. 21:19), a giant with twelve fingers and twelve toes who is mentioned as one of the Rephaim (2 Sam. 21:20), and a tall Egyptian (1 Chron. 11:23). The passage of Numbers 13:26-33 recounts the Nephilim of Canaan that Joshua and the other Hebrew spies saw. Furthermore, according to Judaic lore, a certain one of the Nephilim, Arba, built a city, Kiriath Arba, which was named for its builder and is now known as Hebron.
The wickedness of the Nephilim carried with it a heavy toll. Genesis 6:5 alludes to the corruption that the Nephilim had caused amongst humans and themselves: “The Lord saw how great man’s wickedness on the earth had become…” Their evil rebellion had incurred both the wrath and grief of God. God instructed the angel Gabriel to ignite a civil war among the Nephilim. He also chose Enoch, a righteous man, to inform the fallen angels of the judgment pronounced on them and their children. God did not allow the fallen angels any peace, for they could not lift their eyes to heaven and were later to be chained. The end of the Nephilim came about in the war incited by Gabriel, in which the giants eventually annihilated each other.
“Nephilim” is rendered fallen, or possibly feller: a tyrant or bully. Several English translations, such as the King James Version rendered the word “giants”. In the Greek Septuagint the word “nephilim” was also translated as “gigantes” (gigantic). This translation is undoubtedly used because the Nephilim later became known as giants to the ancient Hebrews, as illustrated by the manner in which they were referenced when the Israelite spies were sent intoCanaan (Numbers 13:33 ).[1]
It is unclear what the Sons of God were, but they are distinguished from the daughters of men. The most obvious interpretation is that the Nephilim were a hybrid race between two distinct beings. There are at least three schools of thought regarding the Sons of God.
The older view, held nearly unanimously by ancient writers prior to Augustine of Hippo, is that the Nephilim were a hybrid race between certain fallen angels, called the Benei Ha’Elohim (“Sons of God”) or The Watchers in extra-Biblical traditions, and human women. While there has always been a minority of churchmen who followed this view, it has been promoted recently by popular writers such as Stephen Quayle [2].
The only obvious and natural meaning without such clarification is that these beings were sons of God, rather than of men, because they had been created, not born. Such a description, of course, would apply only to Adam (Luke 3:38) and to the angels, whom God had directly created (Psalm 148:2, 5; Psalm 104:4; Colossians 1:16). The actual phrase bene elohim is used three other times, all in the very ancient book of Job (1:6; 2:1; 38:7). There is no doubt at all that, in these passages, the meaning applies exclusively to the angels. A very similar form (bar elohim) is used in Daniel 3:25, and also refers either to an angel or to a theophany. The term “sons of the mighty” (bene elim) is used in Psalm 29:1 and also Psalm 89:6, and again refers to angels. Thus, there seems no reasonable doubt that, in so far as the language itself is concerned, the intent of the writer was to convey the thought of angels – fallen angels, no doubt, since they were acting in opposition to God’s will.[3]
”
The more recent view which has been the majority position in the church since St. Augustine in the fourth century is that the Sons of God refers to the god-fearing line of Seth; and the daughters of men refers to the daughters of the unbelieving line of Cain. Variations on this theme include the idea, proposed by Meredith Kline, that the Sons of God were kings or priests who took any woman they chose to be their wife.
Still others hold that the Sons of God were other created men. It is argued that the Bible does not describe every person that was created, but only key individuals or situations are included within the text. Those holding to this position call into question the origin of Cain’s wife or those whom he feared would kill him Genesis 4:14-17 . However, this view falls into conflict with Genesis, which states that Eve is the mother of all the living.
After the Flood
In Genesis 6 , where the global flood is described, it states that the Nephilim were also on the Earth afterward. Many therefore, assume that many of the descriptions of giants in the Bible are references to Nephilim bloodlines. However, the only specific mention of Nephilim on the earth after the flood is part of the bad report from the spies in Numbers 13:33 , a report that is called “bad” (or “evil”) as in an unreliable source.
There were giants “also after that,” in the days of the Canaanites, and these were likewise known as, among other things, the Nephilim (Numbers 13:33). Humanly speaking, they were descended from Anak, and so were also known as the Anakim. These people were, of course, known to Moses and it was probably he who editorially inserted the phrase “and also after that” into Noah’s original record here in Genesis 6:4. Moses probably also inserted the information that these were the “mighty men of old, men of renown,” men whose exploits of strength and violence had made them famous in song and fable in all nations in the ages following the Flood. To rebellious men of later times, they were revered as great heroes; but in God’s sight they were merely ungodly men of violence and evil.[4]
”
Several tribes are encountered in the campaign of the Five Kings in Abraham’s day that some argue might be Nephilim or hybrids of Nephilim. They are described as having become several tribes occupying the lands around the Valley of Siddim (Dead Sea) and evidently intermixed with the Canaanites.
Genesis 14 and Deuteronomy 2 name these tribes as the Rephaim (“titans”, children of “Rapha”), Zuzim or Zamzummim (“terrible ones”), Emim, Horites, and Anakim (“crushing tyrants”). The tribe of the Anakim are directly connected with the Nephilim in the false report of the spies described in (Numbers 13:33 ). The context of the passages suggest that the other tribes of giants were relatives of the Anakim or other lines of Nephilim, particularly the Rephaim whose giant descendant is described as living in Gath along with the Anakim Goliath and Lahmi (see below). The Rephaim are giants (in fact these peoples are generally described as being tall or large) and seem to have been thus matched with the Nephilim based on the English rendering of “giants” in Genesis 6.
The tribe of the Anakim were descended from a giant named Anak, who was a son or grandson of a giant named “Arba”, from which the ancient city of Hebron was originally called “Kiriath Arba” or “The City of Arba” because “Arba was the greatest man among the Anakim”[5]. This tribe was so tall, that the weak-kneed spies reported, “we are like grasshoppers to them.”
Scripture describes how the tribes of giants were fought and destroyed by the tribes of normal men who replaced them, including the Israelites. Moses killed Og, king of the Rehpaim who lived on the Golan heights near Mt. Hermon. Og had a bed nine cubits long (13.5 to 15.5 feet, depending on which cubit was used) and was called “last of the remnant of the giants”[6]. Og may be the source of the word “ogre” in the English language.
Joshua drove the three remaining sons of Anak out of Hebron in his first campaignm. They evidently reoccupied the city of Hebron while Joshua was waging his campaign against Canaanite cities in the North. Caleb later retook Hebron and killed the three giants[7].
Later David and Saul fought a remnant of smaller giants who had taken refuge in the Philistine city of Gath. They included Goliath, who was about nine feet tall, and his brother Lahmi “whose spear had a shaft like a weaver’s rod”. The last of the Gittite giants was slain, “In still another battle, which took place at Gath, there was a huge man with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot—twenty-four in all. He also was descended from Rapha”[8].
The last Scriptural reference to the giants may be Isaiah 45:14 , which prophecies that Sabean “men of stature” will become slaves in chains of the redeemed Israelites.
The characteristics of these tribes described in Scripture:
Their height was two or three times the height of normal men.
They were associated with some kind of unholy intermixing before the Flood.
They were closely associated with the wicked Canaanites after the Flood.
In one case they are described as having polydactyly (extra fingers and toes).
Unlike the Canaanites, there are no examples of Nephilim who became followers of God.
Apocryphal references
The Nephilim are described in great detail in the Book of Jubilees and Book of Enoch. Both of these books have been traditionally rejected as apocryphal by the European Church. However, they were both considered canonical by the Ethiopic Church from the time of Christ until today, and the Book of Enoch was quoted in the Biblical Epistle of Jude.
Jubilees has the following to say about the sons of God and the Nephilim:
“And in the second week of the tenth jubilee [449-55 A.M.] Mahalalel took unto him to wife Dinah, the daughter of Barakiel the daughter of his father’s brother, and she bare him a son in the third week in the sixth year, [461 A.M.] and he called his name Jared, for in his days the angels of the Lord descended on the earth, those who are named the Watchers, that they should instruct the children of men, and that they should do judgment and uprightness on the earth.” – Jubilees 4:15
“And it came to pass when the children of men began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born unto them, that the angels of God saw them on a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look upon; and they took themselves wives of all whom they chose, and they bare unto them sons and they were giants. And lawlessness increased on the earth and all flesh corrupted its way, alike men and cattle and beasts and birds and everything that walks on the earth -all of them corrupted their ways and their orders, and they began to devour each other, and lawlessness increased on the earth and every imagination of the thoughts of all men (was) thus evil continually. And God looked upon the earth, and behold it was corrupt, and all flesh had corrupted its orders, and all that were upon the earth had wrought all manner of evil before His eyes. And He said that He would destroy man and all flesh upon the face of the earth which He had created. But Noah found grace before the eyes of the Lord. And against the angels whom He had sent upon the earth, He was exceedingly wroth, and He gave commandment to root them out of all their dominion, and He bade us to bind them in the depths of the earth, and behold they are bound in the midst of them, and are (kept) separate. And against their sons went forth a command from before His face that they should be smitten with the sword, and be removed from under heaven. And He said ‘My spirit shall not always abide on man; for they also are flesh and their days shall be one hundred and twenty years’. And He sent His sword into their midst that each should slay his neighbour, and they began to slay each other till they all fell by the sword and were destroyed from the earth.” – Jubilees 5:1-8
The Book of Enoch has the following to say about them:
“It happened after the sons of men had multiplied in those days, that daughters were born to them, elegant and beautiful. And when the angels, the sons of heaven, beheld them, they became enamoured of them, saying to each other, Come, let us select for ourselves wives from the progeny of men, and let us beget children. Then their leader Samyaza said to them; I fear that you may perhaps be indisposed to the performance of this enterprise; And that I alone shall suffer for so grievous a crime.
But they answered him and said; We all swear;
And bind ourselves by mutual execrations, that we will not change our intention, but execute our projected undertaking. Then they swore all together, and all bound themselves by mutual execrations. Their whole number was two hundred, who descended upon Ardis, which is the top of mount Armon.
That mountain therefore was called Armon, because they had sworn upon it, and bound themselves by mutual execrations. [Mt. Armon, or Mt. Hermon, derives its name from the Hebrew word herem, a curse.]
These are the names of their chiefs: Samyaza, who was their leader, Urakabarameel, Akibeel, Tamiel, Ramuel, Danel, Azkeel, Saraknyal, Asael, Armers, Batraal, Anane, Zavebe, Samsaveel, Ertael, Turel, Yomyael, Arazyal. These were the prefects of the two hundred angels, and the remainder were all with them.
Then they took wives, each choosing for himself; whom they began to approach, and with whom they cohabited; teaching them sorcery, incantations, and the dividing of roots and trees.
And the women conceiving brought forth giants,
Whose stature was each three hundred cubits. These devoured all which the labor of men produced; until it became impossible to feed them; When they turned themselves against men, in order to devour them; And began to injure birds, beasts, reptiles, and fishes, to eat their flesh one after another, and to drink their blood. Their flesh one after another. [Or, “one another’s flesh.” R.H. Charles notes that this phrase may refer to the destruction of one class of giants by another.]
Then the earth reproved the unrighteous.
Moreover Azazyel taught men to make swords, knives, shields, breastplates, the fabrication of mirrors, and the workmanship of bracelets and ornaments, the use of paint, the beautifying of the eyebrows, the use of stones of every valuable and select kind, and all sorts of dyes, so that the world became altered.
Impiety increased; fornication multiplied; and they transgressed and corrupted all their ways.
Amazarak taught all the sorcerers, and dividers of roots: Armers taught the solution of sorcery; Barkayal taught the observers of the stars, Akibeel taught signs; Tamiel taught astronomy; And Asaradel taught the motion of the moon,
And men, being destroyed, cried out; and their voice reached to heaven.” – Enoch 6-7.
Prometheus is a 2012 American science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Jon Spaihts and Damon Lindelof. The film stars Noomi Rapace, Michael Fassbender, Guy Pearce, Idris Elba, Logan Marshall-Green, and Charlize Theron. Set in the late 21st century, the story centers on the crew of the spaceship Prometheus as they follow a star map discovered among the remnants of several ancient Earth cultures. Led to a distant world and an advanced civilization, the crew seeks the origins of humanity, but instead discovers a threat that could cause the extinction of the human race.
The film began development in the early 2000s as a fifth entry in the Alien franchise, with both Scott and director James Camerondeveloping ideas for a film that would serve as a prequel to Scott’s 1979 science fiction horror film Alien. By 2003, the project was sidelined by the development of Alien vs. Predator, and remained dormant until 2009 when Scott again showed interest. A script by Spaihts acted as a prequel to the events of the Alien films, but Scott opted for a different direction to avoid repeating cues from those films. In late 2010, he brought Lindelof onto the project to rewrite Spaihts’ script, and together they developed a separate story that precedes the story of Alien but is not directly connected to that franchise. According to Scott, though the film shares “strands ofAlien’s DNA, so to speak”, and takes place in the same universe, Prometheus explores its own mythology and ideas.
The film entered production in April 2010, with extensive design phases developing the technology and creatures the film required.Principal photography began in March 2011, on an estimated $120–130 million budget, with filming taking place almost entirely on practical sets and on location in England, Iceland, Spain, and Scotland. The film was shot entirely using 3D cameras.
Prometheus was supported by a marketing campaign that included viral activities on the web. The campaign released three videos that featured stars from the film, in character, which expanded on elements of the fictional universe and received a generally positive reception. Prometheus was released on June 1, 2012 in the United Kingdom and was released on June 8, 2012 in North America.
Plot
As a hovering spacecraft departs, a humanoid alien drinks a dark bubbling liquid, and then starts to disintegrate. As its bodily remains cascade into a waterfall, the alien’s DNA triggers a biogenetic reaction.
In 2089, archaeologists Elizabeth Shaw and Charlie Holloway discover a star map among several unconnected ancient cultures. They interpret this as an invitation from humanity’s forerunners, or “Engineers”. Peter Weyland, the elderly CEO of Weyland Corporation, funds the creation of the scientific vessel Prometheus to follow the map to the distant moon LV-223. The ship’s crew travels in stasiswhile the android David monitors their voyage and studies linguistics such as Schleicher’s fable. Arriving in 2093, they are informed of their mission to find the Engineers. Mission director Meredith Vickers orders them to avoid making contact without her permission. The Prometheus lands near a large artificial structure, which a team explores.
Inside they find numerous stone cylinders, a monolithic statue of a humanoid head, and the corpse of a large alien, thought to be an Engineer. They find other bodies and presume the species is extinct. David secretly takes a cylinder, while the remaining cylinders begin leaking dark liquid. A rapidly approaching storm forces the crew to return to Prometheus, leaving crew members Millburn and Fifield stranded in the structure. In the ship, the Engineer’s DNA is found to match that of humans. Meanwhile, David investigates the cylinder and discovers a dark liquid. He intentionally infects Holloway with the substance. Shaw and the unknowingly infected Holloway later have sex.
Inside the structure, a snake-like creature kills Millburn, and it sprays a corrosive fluid that melts Fifield’s helmet, exposing him to the leaking dark liquid. The crew later returns to the structure and finds Millburn’s corpse. David separately discovers a control room containing a surviving Engineer in stasis, and a star map highlighting Earth. Holloway’s infection rapidly ravages his body, and he is rushed back to Prometheus. Vickers refuses to let him aboard, and at his urging, burns him to death with a flamethrower. Later, a medical scan reveals that Shaw, despite being sterile, is pregnant with an alien offspring. Shaw uses an automated surgery table to cut it out. Weyland is revealed to have been in stasis aboardPrometheus, and explains to Shaw he wants to ask the Engineers to prevent his death from old age. As Weyland prepares to leave for the structure, Vickers calls him “Father”.
A mutated Fifield attacks the hangar bay and kills several crew members before being killed himself. The Prometheus‘ captain, Janek, speculates that the structure was part of an Engineer military base that lost control of its biological weapon, the dark liquid. Janek also determines that the underground structure is in fact a spaceship. Weyland and a team return to the structure and awaken the Engineer. David speaks to the Engineer, who responds by decapitating him and killing Weyland and his team. Shaw escapes the spaceship as the Engineer activates it. David’s still-active head reveals the Engineer is going to release the liquid on Earth. Shaw convinces Janek to stop the Engineer’s spaceship. Vickers and her lifeboat are ejected before Janek crashes Prometheus into the Engineer’s spaceship. The Engineer’s disabled spaceship crashes onto the planet, killing Vickers. Shaw goes to Vickers’ lifeboat and finds her alien offspring, which has grown to gigantic size. David warns Shaw over the intercom that the Engineer survived the crash. The Engineer bursts into the lifeboat and attacks Shaw. She releases her alien offspring onto the Engineer; it thrusts a tentacle down the Engineer’s throat, subduing it. Shaw recovers David’s remains, and with his help, they launch another Engineer spaceship. She intends to reach the Engineers’ homeworld in an attempt to understand why they created humanity and later wanted to destroy it.
In the lifeboat, an alien creature bursts out of the Engineer’s chest.
An archaeologist. Rapace described Shaw as a believer “in God” with a “very strong faith”, but that “things happen and she changes into more of a warrior.”[5] To aid her method acting she developed a complete backstory for Shaw in her head,[6] and worked with a dialect coach to help achieve an appropriate British accent,[7] she also had her make-up artist apply extra blood and sweat during filming to more accurately portray her character.[8] Rapace noted, “I was out there filming for about six months and it was super-intense, my body was in so much pain sometimes but it was absolutely amazing.”[9] She has dismissed comparisons to the Alien franchise‘s Ellen Ripley.[10] Coming to director Ridley Scott‘s attention for her performance as Lisbeth Salander in the 2009 drama film The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, Rapace met him in August 2010,[11] and by January 2011 she had secured the role.[12] Actresses Anne Hathaway, Natalie Portman, Gemma Arterton, Carey Mulligan, and Abbie Cornish, were all considered for the role during development.[13][14][15] Eight-year-old actress Lucy Hutchinson portrays Shaw as a child.[16]
An android designed to be indistinguishable from humans. The ship’s butler and maintenance man, it begins to develop “its own ego, insecurities, jealousy and envy”.[17][18]Fassbender stated: “David’s views on the human crew are somewhat childlike. He is jealous and arrogant because he realizes that his knowledge is all-encompassing and therefore he is superior to the humans. David wants to be acknowledged and praised for his brilliance”.[19] Writer Damon Lindelof stated that the character provides a non-human perspective on the film’s events, saying “what does the movie look like from the robot’s point of view? If you were to ask him, ‘What do you think about all of this? What’s going on? What do you think about these humans who are around you?’ Wouldn’t it be cool if we found a way for that robot to answer those questions?”[20] In developing his character, Fassbender avoided watching the android characters of Alien and Aliens (1986), and instead observed the replicants in Scott’s 1982 science fiction film Blade Runner, with a focus on Sean Young‘s character Rachael, whose “vacancy” and longing for a soul interested him.[21] He drew further inspiration from the voice of the HAL 9000 computer in2001: A Space Odyssey,[21] the “funny walk and economy of movement” of Olympic diver Greg Louganis,[22][23] and the performances of David Bowie in The Man Who Fell to Earth, Dirk Bogarde in The Servant, and Peter O’Toole in Lawrence of Arabia.[24] David’s blond hair was modeled after T. E. Lawrence.[25] Scott favored Fassbender for the role; by January 2011 he was confirmed to join the cast,[26] despite earlier reports his agents had sought too high a fee for their client.[17]
The billionaire founder and CEO of Weyland Corp.[27][28] Lindelof described him as having a massive ego and suffering from a god complex.[27] Pearce has claimed that his appearance in the movie is brief, saying “I’m only [in the film] for a minute”.[29] It took five hours to apply the necessary prosthetics and make-up to transform Pearce into the elderly Weyland, and one hour to remove it. Pearce observed old people to gain insight into the movement for his character, as he found replicating the impeded physical movement the most difficult part of the role.[30]Max von Sydow was Scott’s original choice to play Weyland, but Pearce was cast to allow him to portray both an elderly and young Weyland who appeared in early script drafts.[31]
The captain of the Prometheus.[32] Elba described the character as “a longshoreman and a sailor“, with a military background.[19][33] He noted “[being the captain is] his life and the crew is his responsibility,”[19] and said “he’s a realistic, pragmatic character. He has to get involved…in a film with huge ideas, you need a character like this, who can go ‘Wait…why are we doing this?'”.[33]
An archeologist and Shaw’s love interest.[34][35] Marshall-Green was cast after being seen performing on stage “off-off-off Broadway“.[35] He described Holloway as the “X Gamestype scientist”, explaining that he liked the character’s “leap-before-looking” philosophy. He further noted that Holloway “doesn’t want to meet his maker. He wants to stand next to his maker. He’s willing to go to the edge to get that.”[35] Describing the character’s motivation, he stated: “he goes to the extreme in everything he does, sometimes for the better, sometimes for the worse of the [Prometheus crew]. I think what drives him is the thrill of the search.”[19] He contrasted Holloway to Shaw, saying “she’s the believer. I’m the scientist. I’m the skeptic. I’m the atheist”.[36]
A Weyland Corporation employee, sent to monitor the expediton.[19][37] Theron described the character as “a suit who slowly sheds [her] skin through the film”,[38] and also as “somewhat of a villain … [who] definitely has an agenda”.[39] She stated “Vickers is pragmatic, and desperately wants to control the situation.”[19] Scott wanted the character to lurk in the background of scenes watching other characters instead of being the focus. Theron stated that it helped layer her character because “you’re just so suspicious of her, instantly.”[40] The similar appearances and mannerisms of Vickers and David were intended to raise the possibility that David was based on Vickers’s DNA, or that Vickers is an android herself.[41] After Theron’s casting, she developed three new scenes with Scott and Lindelof to expand her character.[3] Physical action scenes were an issue for Theron because of scenes that involved her running through sand in 30 pounds (14 kg) boots, and her cigarette habit.[40] Theron was intended to portray Shaw, but a prior commitment to Mad Max 4: Fury Road prevented her involvement. When that film was delayed, she was able to rejoin Prometheus.[42]Michelle Yeoh and Angelina Jolie[12] were considered for the role.[17]
A biologist. Spall auditioned for another role, but Scott wanted him to play Millburn.[43][44] On his casting, Spall said “Alien is one of the best films ever made, and it’s a real buzz to be in a space suit on an ‘Alien’ set with Ridley Scott coming and speaking to you. It’s incredible. That’s why I wanted to be an actor, to be in a space suit on an ‘Alien’ set”.[45]
A geologist who has become unstable after many missions.[46][47] Harris described the character as “someone who can sense when things are up. He’s your audience guy, going, ‘Don’t go in that tunnel. We should not be doing this!'”.[47] Fifield’s bright red mohawk hairstyle was designed by Harris and Scott, based on Scott’s sketch of a man with a “severe haircut”.[47]
Development on a fifth film in the Alien franchise was in progress by 2002. At the time, Scott was considering returning to the series he created with his 1979 science fiction horror film Alien, to pursue a sequel that would explore the engineered origins of the series’ Alien antagonists,[51] and the “space jockey”—the extraterrestrial being, who briefly appears inAlien, as the deceased pilot of a derelict spaceship.[52]Alien star Sigourney Weaver also expressed interest in returning to the series.[53]Aliens director James Cameron discussed the potential for a sequel with Scott, and began working with another writer on a story for the film. It was then that 20th Century Fox approached Cameron with a script for a crossover film that would pit the series’ monsters against the titular characters of the Predator films; what would become the 2004 science fiction film Alien vs. Predator.[54] After Fox confirmed that it would pursue the crossover, Cameron stopped working on his own project, believing the crossover would “kill the validity of the franchise”.[55] In 2006, Cameron confirmed that he would not return to the project, believing that the series was Fox’s asset, and he was unwilling to deal with the studio attempting to influence the potential sequel.[54]
In May 2009, Fox first reported the project as a “reboot”[56] to the Alien franchise, which was soon afterwards expressed as a then untitled prequel to Alien.[57][58] Development stalled in June 2009, when Fox clashed with Scott over his selection of former commercial director Carl Erik Rinsch as director. Fox was only interested in pursuing the project if Scott directed.[59] By July 2009, Scott was attached to direct the film, and screenwriter Jon Spaihts was hired to pen the script based on his pitched idea for a direct Alienprequel.[40][60] With both director and writer in place, and pleased with Spaihts’ pitch, Fox scheduled a release date for December 2011, but this was eventually dropped.[61] In June 2010, Scott announced that the script was complete and that pre-production would begin, with a filming date set for January 2011.[62] However, by July 2010, Lindelof had been hired to redevelop Spaihts’s screenplay into a more original work.[63][64] In October 2010, Lindelof submitted his refined screenplay to Fox. The studio was pleased because it had contested Scott’s proposed budget of $150–160 million and found Lindelof’s screenplay to be more budget-conscious;[citation needed] Scott had initially requested a $250 million budget and an adult oriented product, but Fox was reluctant to invest this amount of money, and wanted to ensure the film would receive a lower age-rating to broaden the potential audience.[65]
In December 2010, it was reported that the film would be called Paradise,[17] named after the John Milton poem Paradise Lost, but Scott considered that it would convey too much about the film. Fox CEO Thomas Rothman suggested Prometheus, which was confirmed as the title in January 2011.[66][67] A release date was scheduled for March 9, 2012, but weeks later the date was pushed back to June 8, 2012.[66][68] With the name confirmed, the production began to publicly distance the film from its Alien origins. The filmmakers were deliberately vague about the connection between the films, believing it would build audience anticipation for Prometheus.[64] Scott stated that “while Alien was indeed the jumping-off point for this project, out of the creative process evolved a new, grand mythology and universe in which this original story takes place. The keen fan will recognize strands of Alien‘s DNA, so to speak, but the ideas tackled in this film are unique, large and provocative.”[69] In June 2011, Scott and Lindelof confirmed that Prometheus takes place in the same universe as the events of the Alien series.[70][71] In July 2011, Scott stated that “by the end of the third act you start to realize there’s a DNA of the very first Alien, but none of the subsequent [films]”.[72]
Writing
“…We’re exploring the future… away from Earth and [asking] what are people like now? … Space exploration in the future is going to evolve into this idea that it’s not just about going out there and finding planets to build colonies. It also has this inherent idea that the further we go out, the more we learn about ourselves. The characters in this movie are preoccupied by the idea: what are our origins?”
Damon Lindelof, concerning the scope of Prometheus.[73]
Spaihts met Scott in late 2009, where they discussed Scott’s desire to pursue an Alien prequel. Spaihts offered his concept, including a “bridge” that would connect the film’s “human story” to the Alien saga. He was quickly hired, which he credited to the reception of his “bridge” idea. Spaihts claimed his concept was created in the moment, and he had no ideas planned in advance. Spaihts set about writing a 20-page “extremely detailed outline”, and within three and a half weeks his first draft was complete, and submitted to the producers on Christmas Day, 2009. Within 12 hours, Scott returned the script with notes for changes, and Spaihts spent the Christmas holiday redrafting.[61]
Spaihts was tasked with exploring unresolved mysteries from Alien such as the Space Jockey. He saw the driving mysteries of Alien as “alien in nature”, stating “all the mysteries have alien players: the exoskeleton nightmare and… the elephantine titan that was called the ‘space jockey’… How do you make anyone care about events between creatures like this?” He found a solution in tying the alien mysteries to the past and future of human history. He explained: “if that story is somehow ours, and deeply enmeshed with the human story. That story changes meaning within our own life, things of such significance that we think of our own lives differently”.[74] He found translating Scott’s stylistic visual concepts to text difficult, and he periodically had to rein in some of the director’s ideas such as reminding Scott that in the scene they were discussing, the characters were subject to gravity and so could not simply float.[61] By April 2010, the script was on the fourth draft.[75] Scott described the script, saying “we are talking about gods and engineers. Engineers of space. And were the aliens designed as a form of biological warfare? Or biology that would go in and clean up a planet?”[76] In June 2010, Scott stated that the script was complete and ready for filming.[62]
However, Scott instead contacted Lindelof and requested that he review Spaihts’ script.[77] Within the hour, a messenger delivered the script to Lindelof and informed the writer that he would be waiting outside to take it back as soon as Lindelof had finished reading it.[78] Unaware of what the producers liked about the existing script, Lindelof informed Scott and the producers that he found the general concept appealing, but that the story relied too heavily on elements of the Alien films, such as the general concept of the Alien creatures life-cycle. As a direct prequel to Alien, it was focused on leading into that film’s story, and recreating the familiar cues of that series,[77] and Scott was adamant that he avoid repeating previous accomplishments.[79] Lindelof clarified, “If the ending to [Prometheus] is just going to be the room that John Hurt walks into that’s full of [alien] eggs [in Alien], there’s nothing interesting in that, because we know where it’s going to end. Good stories, you don’t know where they’re going to end.”[79] “A true prequel should essentially proceed [sic] the events of the original film, but be about something entirely different, feature different characters, have an entirely different theme, although it takes place in that same world.”[71]
Lindelof suggested that the other parts of the script were strong enough to survive without the Alien hallmarks, such as the Alien creature which he believed had been “diluted” by the exposure it had received since, and the burden of “all the tropes of that franchise with Facehuggers and Chestbursters”.[71][80] He offered that the film could instead run parallel to those films, such that a sequel would be Prometheus 2 and not Alien, and submitted an idea for how such a sequel could work. He met with the producers the following morning, and was hired shortly afterwards in late 2010.[40][80] Under Lindelof, the script began to divert from Spaihts’ Alien prequel into a more original creation.[40] Scott and Lindelof worked together five days a week between July and August 2010, trying to piece together exactly what vision Scott was trying to convey and how the script needed to change, including scaling back the Alien symbology and tropes. Beginning in August, Lindelof spent four to five weeks writing his first draft before submitting it mid-September 2010.[64] Inspired by Blade Runner and Spaihts’ script, Lindelof thought that it would be possible to combine an Alien story of action and horror with “the Blade Runner thematic”,[77] to ask bigger questions that he felt were normally posed in science fiction films. Lindelof explained:
Blade Runner might not have done well [financially] when it first came out, but people are still talking about it because it was infused with all these big ideas. [Scott] was also talking about very big themes in Prometheus. It was being driven by people who wanted the answers to huge questions. But I thought that we could do that without ever getting too pretentious. Nobody wants to see a movie where people are floating in space talking about the meaning of life … That was already present in [Spaihts’] original script and [Scott] just wanted to bring it up more.
Scott’s story concept was partially inspired by the work of Chariots of the Gods? author Erich von Däniken‘s writings about the theory of ancient astronauts, suggesting that life on Earth was created by aliens.[58][70] Scott said, “NASA and the Vatican agree that [it is] almost mathematically impossible that we can be where we are today without there being a little help along the way… That’s what we’re looking at [in the film], at some of Erich von Däniken’s ideas of how did we humans come about.”[70]Spaihts originated the idea that David, the android, is like humans, but does not want to be anything like them, eschewing a common theme in “robotic storytelling” such as Blade Runner. He also developed the theme that while the human crew are searching for their creators, David is already among them. Scott liked these ideas and had them explored further in Lindelof’s rewrite.[81] For Shaw, Lindelof felt it was important that she be distinct from Alien‘s Ripley, to avoid inevitable comparisons between the two female leads. In Spaihts’ draft, Shaw was directly responsible for the events of the plot because of her desire to seek out potentially dangerous knowledge. As with David, Lindelof further expanded this facet of the character during his rewrites. Lindelof spent approximately eight months developing the script, finishing in March 2011, as filming began.[82]
Pre-production
Pre-production had begun by April 2010, with a team developing graphic designs for the film’s requirements.[75] Scott convinced Fox to invest millions of dollars into the hiring of scientists and conceptual artists to develop a vision of the late 21st century.[3] Production of Prometheus was marked by a high degree of secrecy[83] with story details “extremely under-wraps.”[84] Determined to maintain the secrecy of the plot, Scott required the cast to sign clauses to prevent them disclosing story details, and the cast were only allowed to read the script under supervision in Scott’s production office.[85] One exception was made when a courier flew to one of the actors in a foreign location and then stood guard while the actor read the script.[85] Concerning the confidential nature of the script, Scott stated: “I was insistent that the script not leak onto the internet, where it gets dissected out of context, which spoils it for everyone.”[85]
In July 2011, Lindelof stated that the film would be relying on practical effects, and employing CGI generally for on-set pre-visualization of external space visuals.[86] Scott recalling advice special effects artist Douglas Trumbull gave him on the set of Blade Runner stated, “if you can do it live, do it live”, with Scott claiming that although “you can pretty much do anything you want”[87] with digital technology, practical effects are more cost effective.[22][88] Cinematographer Darius Wolski convinced Scott that it would be possible to film in 3Dwith the same ease and efficiency of typical filming. 3D company 3ality Technica provided some of the rigs and equipment to facilitate 3D filming, and trained the film’s crew in their proper operation.[89] According to Scott, the decision to film in 3D added $10 million to the film’s budget.[90] Since 3D films need high lighting levels on set, the hallmark atmosphere of the Alien films with darkness and shadows was added in post-production through grading processes, while the 3D equipment was based on post-Avatar technology.[91][92]
Principal photography began on March 21, 2011, on an estimated $120–130 million budget.[3][93] Filming was scheduled to take place over six months,[10] but it took longer than forecast: the film was still being shot in September 2011.[94] Filming began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, part of the Pinewood Studios group,[7] where Scott used eight sound stages for filming, including the 007 Stage.[85][95] Studio space was limited and the crew were forced to make the stages work for over 16 different sets, and also increase the size of the 007 stage by over 30%.[96]
In July, filming moved to Iceland for two weeks, commencing at the base of the active Hekla volcano in southern Iceland on July 11, 2011. Speaking about working at the base of an active volcano, Scott stated “If one is afraid of nature in this profession then it would be best to find a different job”.[97] Filming also took place at one of the most powerful waterfalls in Europe, the Dettifoss waterfall in the north east of Iceland, in the Vatnajökull National Park.[98] The Iceland shoot involved 160 Icelandic crew members and over 200 imported crew.[97]Scott claimed that the Iceland filming comprised approximately fifteen minutes of footage for the film, and that the area represented the “beginning of time”.[99] Exterior shots of the alien world were shot in Iceland.[100]Morocco had been an intended shooting location instead of Iceland, but the 2010 Arab Spring protests forced the change of venue.[3] Alternatives including the Mojave Desert had been considered alongside Iceland,[101] but Scott explained that the country was ultimately chosen because “here it is so rough and ‘Jurassic-like’ and that proved decisive”.[97]
In September 2011, filming moved to the Ciudad de la Luz audiovisual complex in Alicante, Spain. Shooting areas included the complex’s large water tank, and a nearby Alicante beach.[94][102] The complex was booked from August 22, 2011, through to December 10, with set construction occurring from August until late September.[94] Approximately 250 people worked on the three month-long Spain shoot, generating over €1 million to the local economy.[103] Filming also took place in the Wadi Rum valley in Jordan.[3]
Scott avoided using green screens unless necessary, instead employing various items to help the actors understand where they were meant to be looking in any particular scene on the practical sets that would have a CGI presence inserted in post-production.[104] Rapace claimed that green screens were used less than six times during filming.[79] The production used five 3ality Technical Atom 3D rigs, four of which were configured with Red Epic 3D cameras set up for use on camera dollies and tripods, which were continuously in use during filming. The fifth rig employed an Epic camera for use as a steadicam, which was only used as required.[89][105]
Post-production
Scott focused on using the 3D footage to increase the illusion of depth. Despite this being his first 3D film he found the process easy. He stated: “You can literally twiddle a knob and the depth will increase”, “the trick is not to overdo it”.[104]Prometheus contains approximately 1,300 digital effect shots.[104]Moving Picture Company were the lead visual effect studio and produced 420 of the shots.[106] Several other studios also produced the visual effects including Weta Digital,[3] Fuel VFX,[107]Rising Sun Pictures, Luma Pictures, Lola Visual Effects, and Hammerhead Productions.[108] In December 2011, Rapace undertook additional dialogue recordings for the film.[5] Additional pick-up scenes were filmed during January 2012, including a one-day shoot on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, and a new scene shot at a cave in the Scottish mountains.[109][110][111] For dark scenes with little lighting, the film was color graded to specifically compensate for the slight dimness introduced by wearing 3D glasses, to ensure the image was comparable to the 2D version.[106]
In July 2011, Scott stated that he was filming Prometheus with both adult-oriented R and more accessible PG-13 film ratings in mind, allowing the more adult content to be cut if necessary without harming the overall presentation. Scott claimed he had a responsibility to 20th Century Fox to be able to present a PG-13 cut of the film if the studio demanded, allowing it to be viewed by a wider potential audience.[112] When asked about the rating, Scott explained “the question is, do you go for the PG-13, or do you go for what it should be, which is R? Financially it makes quite a difference…essentially it’s kinda R…it’s not just about blood, it’s about ideas that are very stressful.”[113] Scott maintained that, regardless of rating, he would present the most “aggressive” cut of the film he could,[113] while Rothman stated that Scott would not be forced to compromise the film’s quality to avoid an R-rating.[114] On May 7, 2012, Fox confirmed that the film had received an R-rating and would be released without any cuts being made.[115][116] A fight scene between Shaw and the Engineer was edited out of the finale because Scott decided that Shaw wounding the Engineer diminished his role.[117] Scott concluded work on the film in March 2012.[118]
Design
Production designerArthur Max led the film’s design. His art team were tasked with deconstructing the art and visuals of Alien and reverse-designing them for the earlier-time setting of Prometheus.[119][120] Influence was drawn from the work of Alien creature designer H. R. Giger, and designers Ron Cobb and Chris Foss, including their designs for that film which Scott had been unable to develop at the time.[120] Max designed the sets including the alien structures and the alien world landscape, and vehicles, including the Prometheusand Engineer ship.[7][96] Digital 3D models and miniature replicas were built of each set, allowing them to see how sets should connect and to know where the sets would end and the CGI would begin. To better blend the practical and the digital, the design team took rock samples during the Iceland shoot, allowing them to match the graphical textures with the real rocks caught on film.[121] Max researched NASA and European Space Agency designs and developed these concepts with his vision of how space travel would look in the future to create the Prometheus. He stated that he wanted “to do something that was state-of-the-art, which would represent a flagship spacecraft with every technology required to probe into the deepest corners of the galaxy.”
The film’s titular spaceship, as seen in a promotional image.
The interior of the ship was built across a two-level structure, fronted by a large, faceted, wrap around windscreen. Theron’s quarters were designed to represent her high status on the ship, being furnished with modern and futuristic items including Swarovski chandeliers and a Faziolipiano.[96] The ship’s garage was built on the backlot of Pinewood Studios in England. The vehicles within were built over 11 weeks and were designed to operate on difficult terrain while still possessing a futuristic aesthetic. Max created a large Pyramid structure for the alien world, with main interior areas connected by a series of chambers, corridors and tunnels, so expansive that some crew became temporarily lost within. The pyramid was enhanced in post-production to further increase its size.[96] One of the key sets, the chamber where the crew find the humanoid-head statue, was designed to resemble the interior of a cathedral and convey a “quasi religious” impression.[120] Giger designed the murals that appear within the chamber.[72]
For the crew’s space suits, Scott was inspired to include spherical glass helmets after reading a story in Apple co-founder Steve Jobs‘ biography, about building an office out of Gorilla Glass, with Scott remarking “If I’m in 2083 and I’m going into space, why would I design a helmet that has blind spots. What I want is something where I have 360 [vision]. Glass, by then, will be light and you won’t be able to break it with a bullet.”[18]The interior of the prop helmets had nine functioning video screens, internal lighting, an oxygen supply provided by two fans, with battery packs concealed within a backpack. The helmet’s exterior featured a functional light source and high-definition cameras with a transmitter and recorder. For the suit itself, Scott wanted to avoid the unwieldy NASA-style suit. His frequent collaborator, Academy award-winning costume designer Janty Yates, used medical research concepts relating to skin replacement treatments and materials to develop a design that could believably provide a flexible and comfortable garment. The outfit comprised a neoprene suit worn under an outer space suit, a base to which the helmet could be attached, and a backpack.[96]
Aboard the ship, Yates gave the characters their own distinct look. Theron is dressed in an ice-silver, silk mohair suit, with Yates explaining: “[Theron] is the ice queen. It was always our vision to make her look as sculptural as possible”. Fassbender’s David is dressed similar to other crewmen, but his outfit was given finer lines to produce a more linear appearance. To create a casual, relaxed appearance, Marshall-Green’s Holloway was dressed in hoodies, fisherman pants, and flip-flops, while Elba wore a canvas-greased jacket to represent his long career at the helm of a ship.[96]
A key scene involving a large 3D hologram star map was inspired by the 1766 Joseph Wright painting “A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery“, in which a scientist displays a mechanical planetarium by candlelight. While discussing the necessity of a star map with Spaihts, Scott mentioned the painting as how he saw the map being physically represented, although he was unaware of the name and described it only as “circles in circles with a candle lit image”. To Scott’s pleasure, Spaihts located the correct image based on his description. Spaihts stated: “making the leap from a star map, to an Enlightenment painting, and then back into the far future. [Scott’s] mind just multiplexes in that way”.[74]
Creature effects
Neal Scanlan and Conor O’Sullivan developed the film’s alien creatures, aiming to convey each creature as having a logical biological function and purpose. Scanlan stated that much of Scott’s inspiration for creature design is drawn from natural life such as plants and sea creatures.[96] The snake-like alien dubbed the “Hammerpede” was given life through a mixture of CGI and practical effects which included digitally removing wires controlling the practical puppet. For a scene where the Hammerpede is decapitated, the VFX team digitally animated and inserted the spontaneous growth of a replacement head.[122] During a scene when the Hammerpede erupts from Spall’s character’s corpse, Scott was in control of the puppet using wires. Scott did not inform Dickie about what was to occur in the scene and her screaming reaction was real. The creature’s design was partially inspired by translucent sea creatures with visible arteries, veins and organs beneath the skin’s surface, and Cobras, creating a “smooth and muscular and powerful” appearance. For the tentacled offspring cut out of Rapace’s Shaw, the “Trilobite”, early designs resembled an Octopus or Squid until designer Neville Page redeveloped the concept as an embryo in an early state of development, with tentacles that began fused together and would gradually split as the creature developed, creating new tentacles. The practical creature was ananimatronic creation.
For its grown form, the “Adult Trilobite”, Max found inspiration from an arthropod-like creature from Earth’s Cambrian era, and the alien octopus illustrations of the Jean Giraud-illustrated The Long Tomorrow comic strip written by Alien writer Dan O’Bannon. The final inspiration for Max’s design came after he found a formaldehyde-preserved giant squid, an image which met with Scott’s approval. The film’s last-unveiled creature, the “Deacon”, was named by Scott for it’s long, pointed head that he considered resembled a “bishop’smitre, the evil deacon’s pointed hat”. Scanlan aimed to design the creature to represent its genetic lineage: beginning with Shaw and Holloway, who produce the Trilobite, which impregnates the Engineer. However, they focused on making the character feminine, claiming that “it was born of a female before being born of a male.” Visual effects art director Steven Messing drew inspiration for the Deacon’s birth scene from horse foal births, and created an iridescent-like appearance for its skin, based on the placenta from foal birth.[123]
Frequent Scott collaborator Marc Streitenfeld composed the musical score for Prometheus.[124] The score was recorded over one week with a 90-piece orchestra at Abbey Road Studios in London, England,[125] where it was also processed by Scott after the fact.[18] Streintenfeld began coming up with ideas for the score after reading the script prior to the commencement of filming. To create an “unsettling” sound, he provided the orchestra with reversed music sheets to have them play segments of the score backwards, before then digitally reversing it.[125] The Prometheus (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) album was released on iTunes on May 15, 2012,[126] and on CD on June 4, 2012.[127] It features 23 tracks by Streitenfeld, plus two supplemental tracks by composer Harry Gregson-Williams.[128]
Prometheus‘s marketing campaign began on July 21, 2011, at the San Diego Comic-Con International, where images and footage from the film were presented by Lindelof and Theron, with Scott and Rapace participating via satellite contribution.[73][129] A segment of the footage showed Theron performing “naked push-ups” which attracted much attention.[84][130][131] A teaser poster was revealed on December 14, 2011, with the tagline, “The search for our beginning could lead to our end.”[132] A bootleg recording of an incomplete teaser trailer was leaked online on November 27, 2011, but was swiftly taken down by Fox.[133] The teaser trailer was released on December 22, 2011.[134]
On March 17, 2012, Scott, in partnership with AMC Theaters, hosted the premiere of the first full Prometheus trailer at the AMC Downtown Disney, during WonderCon in Anaheim, California. The event was streamed live via Facebook, Twitter, and the AMC Theater website, and the trailer was posted on AMC’s Youtube channel immediately after its debut.[135] Reaction to the trailer was considered to be positive among WonderCon attendees and on Twitter,[136] and it received nearly three million views in the three days following its release.[137] On April 10, 2012, media outlets were shown a 13 minute montage of scenes from the film’s opening in 3D at the Vue Cinema in Leicester Square, London.[138] The screening was well received, with particular mentions given to the 3D visuals and the performances of Fassbender, Rapace, Theron, and Elba.[24][138][139]
On April 29, 2012, the international launch trailer debuted in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 during the first advertisement break of the TV show Homeland. Viewers were encouraged to share their opinions about the trailer on Twitter, some of which were then shared in a live broadcast during a later break. This marked the first time that viewers’ tweets were used in a broadcast advertisement.[140][141] Alongside the trailer, a competition was launched on the social platform Zeebox, offering viewers a chance to win tickets to the film whenever Zeebox detected the advertisement airing.[142] On May 8, 2012, the advertisement became subject to an investigation by the British broadcasting regulatory bodyOfcom for allegedly breaching broadcast rules when a voice over encouraged viewers to book tickets while the advertisement played and with the Channel 4 logo onscreen. The act potentially broke a rule that advertising and teleshopping must be clearly distinguishable from editorial content.[143][144]
Although marketers typically avoid collaborating with adult-oriented films to focus on reaching broader audiences, the film attracted several promotional partners including Coors,Amazon, and Verizon FiOS. The campaigns were estimated to have spent $30 million in marketing support. Amazon directed interested users to purchase tickets throughFandango, and placed promotional material in products shipped to customers; this was the first time that Amazon had allowed such marketing by an external company.[145] The premiere in London, England, was streamed live via the film’s website and the Verizon FiOS Facebook. The event was facilitated by BumeBox, which culled audience questions from social sites and delivered them to reporters to ask at the event.[146] The National Entertainment Collectibles Association (NECA) are developing a series of Prometheus action figures, scheduled for release in September 2012.[147]Prometheus: The Art of the Film, a book containing production art and behind-the-scenes photos from the film, was released on June 12, 2012.[148]
Viral campaign
An advertisement for “David” printed in newspapers.
A viral marketing campaign began on February 28, 2012, with the release of a video featuring a speech by Pearce, in character as Peter Weyland, about his vision for the future. Set in 2023, the video presents a futuristic vision of a TED conference, an annual technology and design event held in Long Beach, California. The segment was conceived and designed by Scott and Lindelof, and directed by Scott’s son, Luke. The production was made in collaboration with, and made available through TED because Lindelof wanted to introduce new audiences to the conference itself. Lindelof explained that the scene takes place in a futuristic stadium rather than the smaller locations of real TED conferences because “a guy like Peter Weyland—whose ego is just massive, and the ideas that he’s advancing are nothing short of hubris—that he’d basically say to TED, ‘If you want me to give a talk, I’m giving it in Wembley Stadium.'”[27]
TED community director Tom Rielly helped gain approval for the use of the TED brand, which had not previously been used for promotional purposes. He was involved in designing the 2023 conference, preparing an “extensive briefing on all the visual and audio aspects of a TEDTalk circa 2012 and a corresponding speculation on how things would work in the future”, that included flying video cameras and “live Twitteresque feedback”. Rielly claimed that the association generated millions of new visitors to the TED website.[149] The video’s release was accompanied by a fictional TED blog about the 2023 conference and a tie-in website for the fictional Weyland Corporation.[150][151] On March 6, 2012, the Weyland website was updated to allow visitors to ‘invest’ in the company as part of a game to reveal new Prometheus media.[152]
During the 2012 WonderCon, attendees at the film’s panel were given Weyland Corporation business cards that directed them to a website and phone number. Calling the number resulted in the caller being sent a text message from Weyland Corporation that linked them to a second viral video. Narrated by Fassbender, the video is presented as an advertisement for the “David 8” android, portrayed by Fassbender.[153] An extended version of the video was released on April 17, 2012. The advertisement details “David”‘s features including its ability to seamlessly replicate human emotions without the restrictions of ethics or distress.[154][155] Accompanying the video, a full page “David” advertisement was placed in The Wall Street Journal; a Twitter account operated by a David8 was revealed, allowing Twitter users to ask the character questions;[156] and a partnership with Verizon FiOS was launched, offering a virtual tour of the Prometheus spaceship.[156] Another video, “Quiet Eye”, starring Rapace as Shaw, was released on May 16, 2012, debuting through the Verizon FIOS Facebook.[146] In the video, Shaw requests Weyland’s aid to seek out alien life, in a phone call monitored by Yutani, a fictional company from the Alien series.[157] In France, the Saint-Martin ghost train station was converted in appearance to resemble alien architecture from the film, visible to passing commuters.[158] The campaign continued following the film’s release with a website highlighted during the film’s end credits. The site referenced the philosophical novelThus Spoke Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche, and featured a further video of Pearce’s Weyland, quoting from the book.[159][160]
Discussing the videos at the May 2012 Digital Hollywood conference, Lindelof claimed that they originated from the question of the film’s status as an Alien prequel. It was decided that creating videos with the film’s stars would generate more interest than anything that could be said in regards to its connection to the Alien films. He furthered that the challenge in creating the videos was that they needed to be good enough to justify their existence, but not so important that their absence from the final film would be an issue for audiences.[161]
Release
The premiere of Prometheus took place on May 31, 2012, at the Empire cinema in Leicester Square, London.[118][162] The film was released on June 1, 2012, in the United Kingdom,[115] and was released on June 8, 2012, in North America.[68] It was simultaneously released in IMAX theaters and in 3D,[163] and it is encoded for D-Box motion seats that provide physical feedback to the viewer during the film.[164]
Pre-release
In the United Kingdom, approximately £1 million ($1.6 million) of tickets were pre-sold.[165] 18,827 tickets pre-sold for the London IMAX, the largest IMAX screen in the country, which broke the theater records for the highest grossing week of pre-sales with £293,312 ($474,687), and the highest grossing first day of pre-sales with £137,000 ($221,717).[166] It extended this record to 30,000 tickets sold and £470,977 ($737,588) earned, becoming the most pre-booked film at the theater, exceeding the performance of high-profile IMAX releases including Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2 and Avatar.[167]
In North America, audience tracking showed high interest among males of all ages, but low interest among females.[168] The week preceding release saw conflicting opinions on whether the film or Madagascar 3: Europe’s Most Wanted would place number 1 for the weekend during their simultaneous release. As of June 6, 2012, Fandango reported thatPrometheus was leading with 42% of daily sales, while Madagascar 3 was responsible for 35% of daily sales. Additionally, the online tracking for Prometheus surged with each new piece of promotional footage.[169] However, pre-release tracking is usually less reliable for animated films; since Madagascar 3 was the first truly family-oriented film of the summer, many speculated that there would be large demand for it.[170] The official 20th Century Fox prediction placed Prometheus around $30 million, while DreamWorks Animation andParamount placed Madagascar 3 at about $45 million.[171] As the weekend came closer, pre-release audience surveys suggested a $55 million debut for Madagascar 3 and $50-$55 million for Prometheus.[172]Prometheus was also in the disadvantage of a less wide release (3,394 theaters against 4,258 theaters for Madagascar 3). Furthermore, the R rating of the film was considered a limiting obstacle.[173]
Box office
As of June 15 2012, the film has earned $68,658,127 in North America and $92,736,717 elsewhere for a worldwide total of $161,394,844.[4]
Prometheus was initially released in 15 markets from May 30 to June 1, 2012 – about a week before its North American release. The earlier start in these countries was timed to avoid competition with the start of the 2012 UEFA European Football Championship the following week. On its opening day (it varies depending on the country), it earned $3.39 million in the United Kingdom,[174] $2.2 million in Russia,[175] and $1.5 million in France.[165] The film earned $34.8 million during its opening weekend from 4,695 theaters in 15 markets, debuting at #1 in 14 of them, with an average of $7,461 per theater. Its overall rank for the weekend was third behind Men in Black 3 and Snow White & the Huntsman.[176]Its opening weekends in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta ($10.1 million), Russia and the CIS ($9.80 million), and France and the Maghreb region ($6.68 million) represented its largest takings.[177][1] By June 8, the film had opened in a total of 50 markets, seeing further success during its opening weekends in Australia ($7.2 million) and South Korea ($4.2 million).[178]
In North America, the film earned $3.561 million in midnight showings at 1,368 theaters, including $1.03 million from 294 IMAX theaters, and went on to earn $21.4 million through its opening day.[179] During its opening weekend, it earned $51.05 million from 3,396 theaters – an average of $15,032 per theater – ranking second behind Madagascar 3 ($60.4 million). The figure placed it as the second largest opening for a film directed by Scott (behind his 2001 thriller Hannibal), the third largest second-place opening, the ninth largest opening for a prequel, and the tenth largest for an R-rated film. The largest segment of the opening weekend audience was over the age of 25 (64%) and male (57%). 3D showings accounted for 54% of ticket sales, while IMAX contributed 18% – the majority of which was accounted for in the 3D figure.[180][181][4]
Critical response
Michael Fassbender in 2012. Critics were near unanimous in praise for his portrayal of the android David.
The film garnered a 74% approval rating from 235 critics – an average rating of 6.9 out of 10 – on the review-aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, whose consensus reads: “Ridley Scott’s ambitious quasi-prequel to Alien may not answer all of its big questions, but it’s redeemed by its haunting visual grandeur and compelling performances — particularly Michael Fassbender as a fastidious android.”[182]Metacritic provides a score of 65 out of 100 from 42 critics, indicating “generally favorable” reviews.[183]CinemaScore polls reported that the average grade moviegoers gave the film was a “B” on an A+ to F scale, with audience members under 25 rating it the highest at A-.[179][184] Reviews were frequently praising of both the film’s visual aesthetic and design, and Fassbender’s performance as the android David received almost universal acclaim. However the plot drew a more mixed response, with criticism of plot elements that remained unresolved or were predictable, tempered by appreciation for the action and horror set-pieces.
The Hollywood Reporter‘s Todd McCarthy called the film’s visuals vivid, stunning and magnificent on a technical level, singling out the performances of Fassbender, Rapace and Theron for praise, but lamented that the film catered too much to audience expectations, making it predictable.[185]Time Out London‘s Tom Huddleston felt the plot was “flat” and “predictable”, the characters “emotionless”, and that while the film was “perfectly entertaining”, it did not live up to pre-release expectations.[186]Emanuel Levy cited the plot as his only complaint with the film, stating that it is unable to follow through with its philosophical ideas.[187]Roger Ebert gave the film 4 out of 4 stars, labeling it a “magnificent … blend of story, special effects and pitch-perfect casting, filmed in sane, effective 3-D that doesn’t distract.” Ebert positively compared Rapace to Sigourney Weaver’s performance in Alien as continuing “the tradition of awesome feminine strength”, but considered Elba the most interesting performer. Ebert thought that the plot, in raising questions and not answering them, made the film “intriguing” and in the “classic tradition of golden age sci-fi”.[188]
Total Film‘s Jonathan Crocker however offered that the plot successfully integrated itself with Alien‘s mythology while offering its own original ideas.[189]Entertainment Weekly‘s Lisa Schwarzbaum was positive towards the cast, particularly Rapace, and the cinematography.[190]Salon‘s Andrew O’Hehir offered that the film was “somber, spectacular and ponderous,” but that the ” portentousness and grandiosity…is at once the film’s great strength and great weakness” criticizing characters for lacking “common sense”. O’Hehir also mentioned Wolski’s cinematography and Max’s production design.[191]The New York Times‘A. O. Scott criticized the story as weak, undermining its “lofty, mindblowing potential” with “bits of momentarily surprising information bereft of meaning or resonance”, but described Rapace as a “fine heroine, vulnerable and determined”.[192]
In a negative review, Variety film critic Justin Chang described the film’s structure and genre as being unable to handle the philosophical undertow of the plot, and felt Prometheuswas “lazily deferring” key plot points under the presumption that a sequel would be made.[193]The Guardian’sPeter Bradshaw was less critical but thought that Prometheus “[lacked] the central punch of Alien“, calling the film “more grandiose, more elaborate – but less interesting”.[194] Ian Nathan of Empire magazine was unimpressed by Rapace — whom he described as an unconvincing lead — and summarised the film as lacking suspense.[195]The Village Voice‘s Nick Pinkerton stated that the film is “prone to shallow ponderousness”, that can “mimic the appearance of an epic, noble, important movie”, but fails to “payoff”. He criticized Rapace and Marshall-Green for failing to instill interest in their character relationship, but added: “there are a few set pieces here that will find a place of honor among aficionados of body horror and all things clammy and viscous”.[196]
In North America, the DVD and Blu-ray disc versions of the film were listed for pre-order in partnership with Amazon, a week before the film had been released in theaters. A limited number of tickets to the film were offered as a pre-order incentive.[200] The film is scheduled for release on Blu-ray disc and DVD on October 9, 2012.[201] In a June 2012, interview Scott stated that the home release would feature an extended cut of the film featuring an additional 20 minutes of footage and up to 30 minutes of deleted scenes.[117] In June 2012,FX obtained the rights to the film’s network premiere.[202]
Sequel
During the March 17, 2012, WonderCon, Scott stated that the film leaves many questions unanswered, and that these could be answered in a sequel, saying “If we’re lucky, there’ll be a second part. It does leave you with some nice open questions.”[22][87] Asked if a sequel would be a direct prequel to Alien, Lindelof said “if we’re fortunate enough to do a sequel… it will tangentialize [sic] even further away from the original Alien.”[18] In June 2012, Lindelof stated that while plot elements were deliberately left unresolved so that they could be answered in a sequel, he and Scott thoroughly discussed what should be resolved so that Prometheus could stand alone, as a sequel was not guaranteed.[203] Further detailing his sequel concept, Scott stated that it would follow Shaw to her next destination, “because if it is paradise, paradise can not be what you think it is. Paradise has a connotation of being extremely sinister and ominous.” Lindelof cast doubt on his participation stating “if [Scott] wants me to be involved in something, that would be hard to say no to. At the same time, I do feel like [Prometheus] might benefit from a fresh voice or a fresh take or a fresh thought.”[204]
^ abcdefg Galloway, Stephen (May 16, 2012). “Return of the ‘Alien’ Mind”.The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
^Ridley Scott (Director) (2003). Alien (DVD (audio commentary track)). 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, Inc.. “It’s a tough one, particularly with the success of four. I think if you close the lid it should be the end of the first chapter, and I think very simply what no one’s done is simply gone back to re-visit ‘what was it?’ No one’s ever said ‘who’s the space jockey?’ He wasn’t an Alien. What was that battleship? Is it a battleship? Is it an aircraft carrier? Is it a bio-mechanoid weapon carrier?…Why did it land? Did it crash-land, or did it settle there because it had engine trouble?…And how long ago? ‘Cause those eggs would sit there.”
^Dan O’Bannon (Writer), Ridley Scott (Director), Sigourney Weaver (Actor) (2003). Alien (DVD (audio commentary track)). 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, Inc..
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Astragalus: the unsung cancer fighter
Studies at the University of Houston have shown that astragalus can improve immune function in cancer patients by increasing T-cell counts. Astragalus increases the ability of NK cells and T-cells to kill cancer cells while switching on the anti-tumor activity of Interleukin-2. Inchemotherapy treatmentsastragalus provides anti-neoplastic activity anddecreasesimmunosupression. Astragalus reduces the consequences with both chemo and radiation of fatigue,weight loss, anemia, nausea and loss of strength while increasing WBC production for leucopenia (a common side effect of immunosuppressive therapy), thereby decreasing life-threatening infections.
Even though this incredible herb is listed on the Botanical Herbs Board Exams and in theCompendium of Pharmacological Actions of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents, naming the benefits of astragalus can bring a warning letter from both the FDA and FTC, as Dr. Andrew Weil found out when he listed the benefits of taking astragalus to prevent the swine flu. So don’t expect to see any of this information on a vitamin or herb label. Despite what modern medicine and the FDA says, healing did occur long before pharmaceuticals were invented. True health comes by good foods, minerals, herbs, fasting and cleansing. Astragalus is a good guy for natural health!
Sources:
Compendium of Pharmacological Actions of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents, Compiled and copyrighted by Eric Yarnell, ND Actions of Medicinal Plants 2007 Eric Yarnell, ND
Zhang CZ, Wang SX, Zhang Y, Chen JP, Liang XM. “In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms.” J Ethnopharmacol 2005;98(3):295-300.
Nutrition 740 notes Spring 2006, Dr. Mona Morstein, SCNM
About the author:
Craig Stellpflug is a Cancer Nutrition Specialist, Lifestyle Coach and Neuro Development Consultant at Healing Pathways Medical Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. With 17 years of clinical experience working with both brain disorders and cancer, Craig has seen first-hand the devastating effects of vaccines and pharmaceuticals on the human body and has come to the conclusion that a natural lifestyle and natural remedies are the true answers to health and vibrant living. You can find his daily health blog atwww.blog.realhealthtalk.comand his articles and radio show archives atwww.realhealthtalk.com
We are beginning to see the great Silent Majority begin to awaken to the Global Agenda of the New World Order! From the Tea Party to the Occupy Movement the seeds of Liberty are beginning to take root and grow a great Liberty Tree. “In the beginning of a change the patriot is a scarce man, and brave, and hated and scorned. When his cause succeeds, the timid join him, for then it costs nothing to be a patriot” (Mark Twain).
As a Truth Seeker, Patriot and Political activist in this modern-day internet social networking arena, I find myself relating to the greatest of Patriots and Freedom fighters the world has ever known! Our world’s history is full of people who stood up for the Truth: “If you are a minority of one, the truth is the truth” (Gandhi), and were rejected for going against society’s norms or so-called “truths” of that time in which they lived! Even the Lord Jesus Christ, God of the Universe, was rejected by his own! “And they were offended in Him. But Jesus said unto them, “A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country, and in his own house” (Jesus Christ, http://bible.cc/matthew/13-57.htm).
The Battle that we fight for as Truth-Tellers or Patriots is for the Minds and Hearts of Men, for the masses, for those who are blinded by the lies, “The function of a civil resistance is to provoke response, and we will continue to provoke until they respond or change the law. They are not in control; we are” (Gandhi). “And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him” (Bible). Truth cannot be won with a sword or by a bomb, But with the Education and Knowledge comes Freedom and Liberty! There are those who will curse you and call you all kinds of names because you want to speak the Truth! “In a time of universal deceit telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act” (George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, italics added).
They the uninformed masses of people ignorant and starving for the truth will call you Crazy or a Conspiracy Theorist, not really understanding that they themselves are truly under Mind Control or NLP (Nero Linguistic Programming). They will defend the lies even unto death, slaves to the lie suffering from a form of Mass-Stockholm syndromeThe Syndrome has also been explained in evolutionary terms by a phenomenon sometimes referred to as Capture-bonding.
“For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places” (King James Bible).
Even Einstein was called Crazy “Condemnation without investigation is the height of ignorance. (Albert Einstein). “First they ignore you, then they ridicule you, then they fight you, then you win” (Mahatma Gandhi). “Whenever I despair, I remember that the way of truth and love has always won. There may be tyrants and murderers, and for a time, they may seem invincible, but in the end, they always fail. Think of it: always.” (Gandhi).
I find it encouraging that others have come before me to lay the seeds of Truth that enable Justice, Liberty and Freedom for all! “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” (Thomas Jefferson).
I am reminded of a quote from the speech “Citizenship in a Republic” Theodore Roosevelt delivered at the Sorbonne, in Paris, France on 23 April, 1910 called,
THE MAN IN THE ARENA
It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, who comes short again and again, because there is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who neither know victory nor defeat.
As I learn more about the great men in our world’s history who stood against injustice and for the Truth and Justice for all men great and small, rich and poor! I find a inner strength to face those who would carry out such atrocities and to be bold even unto death!
It seems like now days we all know of people who have been affected by some devastating life changing experiences! But not everything that people are accused of are guilty of a crime that they are convicted of but some times they are found guilty of anyways!
I’m not saying that people like Tina Sardisco who was accused and convicted for shaking the baby she was watching are not guilty, I simply asking the question could the shaken baby syndrome or the petechial hemorrhages in the retina at the back of the eye, the extent of such hemorrhages are dependent on the capillary strength or fragility and strength or weakness of the smallest blood vessels, may have been affected by vaccinations? The capillary’s of the smallest blood vesselscould have been weakened and may have lead to the cause of this shaken baby syndrome? It is my opinion that through extensive time and research into Adverse Vaccine Reactions it is possible!
Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) or Vaccine-Induced Encephalitis? Misdiagnosed Shaken Baby Syndrome“New Scientist” published a study that challenges the widely held view that only extreme violence causes shaken baby syndrome and calls into question the scientific evidence behind many convictions for killing infants. Many parents have been charged with murder for allegedly shaking their babies to death, but medical evidence suggests that vaccinations are to blame in a large number of these cases.
A Criminal Consequence of Vaccine Injury: Misdiagnosed Shaken Baby Syndrome
Many infants who suffer the so-called ‘shaken baby syndrome’ may be victims of undiagnosed vaccine damage. Ever since mass vaccination of infants began, reports of serious brain, cardiovascular, metabolic and other injuries started filling pages of medical journals.” In fact, pertussis vaccine has been used to induce encephalomyelitis, which is characterized by brain swelling and hemorrhaging. more…
Trial continues for daycare provider accused of shaking baby
A Greece woman is facing charges she abused a six-month-old baby girl.
Tina Sardisco is accused of shaking the baby she was watching. Now that baby girl has brain damage.
Sardisco is facing charges that include reckless assault of a child by a daycare provider. But Sardisco says she didn’t shake the baby, she tried to save her life.
Emotions were high in court Thursday. Tina Sardisco, also known as Tina Switkowski, is accused of causing brain damage to an infant in her care in May of 2011. In court, she was openly crying and putting her head in her hands as the jury saw a lot of evidence and heard testimony from investigators.
While in court, the jury saw the video of her explaining to police her account of what happened on May 12. Sardisco says the six-month-old baby girl began to choke on milk and she was trying to save the baby. She explained how she put the baby on the floor and gave her CPR and then grabbed the baby, ran to the kitchen and called 911. Sardisco says the baby may have been injured when she was running or during CPR.
The prosecution explained that doctors say the injury was caused by a back and forth shaking motion.
Sardisco got so emotionally, at one point, when the investigator was testifying, the judge asked her to compose herself.
Harold E Buttram, M.D. – “Among the many adversities and difficulties facing the American family today, there is a relatively new and growing hazard in which a parent or caretaker may be falsely accused of murdering or injuring an infant by the shaken baby syndrome, when the true cause of death of injury arises from other sources. Very tragically, child abuse does occur and deserves appropriate punishment. However, it is equally tragic when a family, already grieving from the death of their infant, finds a father or mother unjustly accused, convicted, and imprisoned for murder of the infant, a murder of which he or she is innocent. I know of an attorney, an anesthesiologist, a Mormon mother, an Amish mother, and others accused and/or imprisoned (many believe falsely) on charges of injuring or murdering an infant by SBS. It could happen to anyone regardless of race, sex, educational, financial, or social status. It has happened and is happening to more than a few. Child abuse laws have given rise to many accusations of “Shaken Baby Syndrome,” which has become a popular diagnosis to explain infant deaths, and even for living infants who are brought to an emergency room following a fall. Much is made of the finding of pinpoint petechial hemorrhages in the retina at the back of the eye, but the existence and extent of such hemorrhages are dependent on the capillary strength or fragility, the strength or weakness of the smallest blood vessels, which can be affected by many different conditions. In fact, an infant can die with extensive retinal hemorrhages, a blood clot under the capsule of the brain, extensive bruises, broken bones and sores that will not heal, due to Barlow’s disease, without having been subjected to anything but the tenderest of loving care.” more
Zachary Bravo is a lawyer who specializes in false allegations of SBS – Bravos Zachary M Law Offices – (630) 510-1300 – 600 W Roosevelt Rd Ste B1, Wheaton, IL 60187 Zachb @ aol.com
Viera Scheibner, Ph.D – “Many infants who suffer the so-called ‘shaken baby syndrome’ may be victims of undiagnosed vaccine damage. Ever since mass vaccination of infants began, reports of serious brain, cardiovascular, metabolic and other injuries started filling pages of medical journals.” In fact, pertussis vaccine has been used to induce encephalomyelitis, which is characterized by brain swelling and hemorrhaging”
Article: Shaken Baby Syndrome Diagnosis On Shaky Ground by Dr Viera Scheibner, PhD Published in the “Journal of Australasian College of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine”, Vol. 20 No. 2; August 2001 – An epidemic of accusations against parents and baby sitters of Shaken Baby Syndrome is sweeping the developed world. The United States and the United Kingdom are in the forefront of such questionable practice. Brain (mainly subdural, less often subarachnoid) and retinal haemorrhages, retinal detachments, and rib and other bone ‘fractures’ are considered pathognomic. However, the reality of these injuries is very different and well documented: the vast majority occur after the administration of childhood vaccines and a minority of cases are due to documented birth injuries and pre-eclamptic and eclamptic states of the mothers.
Harold E. Buttram, MD – “Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) commonly describes a combination of subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and diffuse axonal injury (DAI) as the triad of diagnostic criteria. In some, the presence of rib or other fractures is also taken as a sign of abuse. The basic issue to be reviewed here is whether or not in some instances in which a father, family member, or caretaker has been accused of causing the death of an infant or child from the SBS, the true cause of death was a catastrophic vaccine reaction. Few published studies on vaccine effects include before-and-after studies of immune parameters or brain function studies such as electroencephalograms, or long-term safety monitoring. Inadequate consideration has been given to the additive or synergistic adverse effects of multiple simultaneous vaccines, although in the case of toxic chemicals, two compounds together may be 10 times more toxic than either separately, or 3 compounds 100 times more toxic.”
From the New Scientist: – “Jennian Geddes’s study on shaken baby syndrome (16 June, p 4) is an important breakthrough for families wrongly accused of shaking, whom our organisation represents. Imaging techniques and clinical investigations cannot distinguish with certainty between accidental and inflicted injury. And deciding on the cause of death is even more difficult when, as sometimes happens, a parent admits shaking their baby in an attempt to revive it.We call ourselves The Five Percenters because some doctors say that shaken baby syndrome is the correct diagnosis in 95 per cent of cases, but not in the other 5 per cent. Our organisation gives information and advice to families who say they have been wrongly accused of shaken baby syndrome. We have collected data on 115 families in Britain and 43 in the US, and work with legal teams and other health professionals involved in investigations of alleged SBS.The entire Vaccine Nation DVD Documentary Film is available from Dr. Gary Null’s websiteDr. David Ayoub, M.D. lectures on the crippling effect of vaccines
We have also been contacted by doctors who say they have been pressured into diagnosing SBS when they felt that the cause was something else. We are now looking for funding to collate our data and help change the way SBS is diagnosed. During our research we have found several other possible causes of the injuries commonly associated with SBS. These include non-malicious shaking, undiagnosed birth trauma, infection, accident, bone, blood and metabolic disorders, cot death andundiagnosed vaccine damage. Shaken baby syndrome remains a poorly researched condition that embraces a range of symptoms, and the interpretation of those symptoms sets parents against doctors with appalling consequences for all concerned.” Shaken Baby Syndrome resource and articlesDo you have a question or need guidance? click here to contact Shirley
Shaken Baby Syndrome or Vaccine-Induced Encephalitis?
by Harold E. Buttram, MDMedicolegal Issues
As reviewed in an the amicus brief prepared for SBS cases by Toni Blake (personal communication, 2000), the following beliefs have become prevalent in courts dealing with the SBS: 1) Shaking alone in an otherwise healthy child can cause a subdural hematoma; 2) non-traumatic new bleeding in an existing subdural hematoma will always cause only minor symptoms; 3) a child suffering from an ultimately fatal brain injury will not experience any lucid interval; 4) short-distance falls by children are never fatal; and, 5) retinal hemorrhage occurs only in shaken babies. There is, however, a body of literature that casts doubt on the validity of these assumptions:
In the early 1970s, Guthkelch(6) and Caffey(3) offered concepts in the etiology of the shaken baby syndrome that have become widely accepted. This syndrome was presented in the context of a battered child with multiple injuries resulting from multi-directional forces. It was postulated that the weak neck muscles and the relatively large head size of an infant made him particularly susceptible to subdural injuries caused by shaking.(7) It should be noted that there was no experimental model to prove or disprove their theory, and no disinterested witness in their reports to confirm the shaking. In spite of this, the theory gradually became accepted as fact. However, several years later Duhaime et al developed a model in an attempt to demonstrate infant susceptibility to shaking. This team of scientists was unable to generate the force required to cause death or serious brain injury unless the head was impacted against a solid surface.(8,9) The authors of those studies concluded that severe head injuries commonly diagnosed as shaking injuries require impact to occur and that shaking alone in an otherwise normal baby is unlikely to cause the SBS.
The statement that rebleeding from a subdural hematoma requires new trauma is of doubtful validity. It has been demonstrated that the neomembrane surrounding an organizing subdural hematoma may itself bleed, and that expansion of a subacute/chronic subdural hemorrhage may cause new bridging veins to rupture, and that an acute clot may predispose to new bleeding.(10,11) New bleeding in an established subdural hematoma may occur spontaneously and without new trauma.(12) In the cited example, the child was in a hospital under the care of a physician.
Regarding belief #3, at least some children have lucid intervals prior to the development of symptoms, including those who die.(13,14) Ribas and Jane state that it is particularly important to emphasize that both contusions and intracerebral hematomas can cause neurologic deterioration after a lucid interval.(15)
Regarding belief #4, isolated reports of fatal falls and biomechanical analysis using experimental animals and adult human volunteers indicate the potential for serious head injury or death from as little as a two-foot fall.(7,16-19)
Finally, as to the assumption that retinal hemorrhages are always caused by nonaccidental head trauma, there is a report of 20 children resuscitated following events other than trauma, such as near-drowning, asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, and other causes, in which two children were found to have retinal hemorrhages.(20) In addition to this, retinal hemorrhages have been attributed to a vast array of causes, including MMR and DTP vaccines.(21)
It is noteworthy that vaccines such as pertussis are used to induce allergic encephalomyelitis in laboratory animals.(22) This is characterized by brain swelling and hemorrhaging similar to that caused by mechanical injuries.(23)
Misdiagnosing a vaccine injury as the SBS has resulted in imprisonments. Testifying in a case in which a father was accused of causing brain injury to his child, San Diego pediatric neurologist Thomas Schweller stated: “There is a tendency in some medical arenas to discount completely the history provided by the family if you find a subdural hematoma.” He cautioned against assertions of 100 percent certainty, and stated that even a three-foot fall could cause a fracture.(24)
Dr. Will Falconer – “Transfer Factor should be given before and immediately after vaccination for at least a few weeks to help ameliorate the immune system confusion.” There are over 3,000 published papers, 50 years of research, and thousands of case reports on the effectiveness of Transfer Factor in modulating the immune system. Homeopathy is also noted for its success to antidote or remove the toxic effects of vaccines and to re-establish balance in the organism and restore health. Certain homeopathic remedies taken aftervaccination can minimize vaccine damage. A professional homeopath should be consulted for more information. Holistic doctors and pediatricians are also using Homeopathy and Transfer Factor to successfully prevent and treat the diseases of smallpox, measles,whooping cough, chickenpox, anthrax and other ailments.
Tell Congressional and State Legislators that you oppose compulsory vaccination or drugging! Programs to force dangerous and unwelcome vaccines and drugs on children and adults are springing up rapidly. No fewer than 6 federal laws mandate involuntary drugging of children for “mental health” issues – and mandate the drugging of the adults in their families and communities, as well! New Jersey now requires mercury-laced, ineffective and potentially dangerous flu vaccines for all pre-schoolers along with other mandatory vaccines, making it the first State in the US to require vaccinations, let alone ones with mercury unless one counts Texas, which mandated vaccination of all girls with Gardasil, the poorly tested, high adverse event-realted Human Papilloma Virus vaccine. Texas quickly rescinded its decision under the weight of public outrage. Now States are being urged to compell vaccination of little boys with the same poorly tested vaccine even though they have no chance of getting the disease it supposedly prevents.
If you have a vaccine exemption legal issue or question click here to email Alan Phillips or call 919-960-5172 NC. He is one of only a handful of attorneys in the U.S. with a focus on vaccine legal exemptions. See his article Vaccine Religious Exemption
Childhood Immunizations and Abrupt-Onset Apnea An Unresolved Issue in Shaken Baby Syndrome
Harold E Buttram, MD and Alan R YurkoBased on personal experiences of the authors in reviewing many cases diagnosed as shaken baby syndrome (SBS), there has been a common pattern of unexpected and sudden onset of apnea with respiratory collapse (cessation of breathing) in a time-related fashion following routine childhood immunizations. For the most part these collapses have occurred during the first 6 or 7 months of life during the time period of routine 2, 4, and 6-month immunizations. It is the purpose of this article to review existing medical evidence and literature indicating that it is both possible and plausible that there is a direct causal relation between immunizations and the abrupt onset of apnea seen in many SBS cases. Part of this evidence comes from disclosures from ongoing US Congressional hearings on issues of vaccine safety sponsored by the Congressional Committee for Government Reform, which have revealed fundamental deficiencies in scientific infrastructure and safety testing of vaccines; and that as a result of these deficiencies many adverse vaccine reactions are taking place unrecognized. Part comes from scientific publications by primary researchers in the field of biomechanics indicating that shaking alone cannot generate sufficient force to cause brain damage or brain hemorrhages in infants, and that some of the fundamental doctrines of shaken baby syndrome are based on assumptions not supported by scientific evidence. Part comes from limited but specific medical literature indicating vaccines as a potential cause of apnea. Based on these different lines of evidence, it is both possible and plausible that many SBS cases are being misdiagnosed. Each of these areas will be addressed in the following: more
The case of baby Lucas
Lisa Mullenax and her husband Alejandro Mendez were accused of killing their three-and-a-half-month-old Baby Lucas by blunt force trauma to the head (Shaken Baby Syndrome). The baby suffered from cardiac arrest and apnea on August 27, 2002 and his father immediately sought the assistance of a neighbor who contacted the Medical Emergency Service (MES) asking for help. The MES resuscitated the baby, treated him with epinephrine, and transported him to the Centre Community Hospital. Lucas stayed about one hour in this hospital, and then he was airlifted to the Geisinger Medical Center. Lucas was pronounced brain dead after six days following his arrival to the Geisinger Medical Center. In the hospitals, several physicians examined Baby Lucas and no evidence of traumatic injuries to the head was observed. In addition, Lucas’s head region was examined by CT scans on August 27th and no bone fracture was found. Lisa and Alejandro were accused of killing their Baby Lucas based only on the autopsy findings of an old-healed rib fracture and bleeding in the retina of the eyes, brain, and the subdural space. In English and Espanol: Visit Alejandro’s website – Please sign the Petition for the Release of Alejandro Mendez Vargas
Analysis of Causes that Led to Subdural Bleeding and Rib Fractures in the Case of Baby Patrick Gorman.
Patrick and his twin sister, Peyton, were born 5 weeks premature. He suffered from acute abdominal and nonspecific symptoms at the age of 2 months. CT scans, X-ray, and eye exams revealed that he had subdural and subretinal bleeding and seven rib fractures in various stages of healing. He also had severe anemia, thrombocytosis, low blood creatinine levels, hyperglycemia, and elevated neutrophills and monocyte counts. The treating physicians alleged that Patrick’s health problems resulted from shaking [shaken baby syndrome (SBS)] and child abuse. Patrick’s parents were accused of causing Patrick’s injuries. My investigation revealed that Patrick’s acute symptoms resulted from acetaminophen intoxication. Patrick was treated with Tylenol/cold and he received about 200 mg of acetaminophen per day (64 mg/kg) and 3200 mg per 16 days. He was also treated with Zantac® (ranitidine) and Zantac® potentiates the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen. The subdural and subretinal bleeding was caused by vitamin K deficiency, intoxication with acetaminophen, and severe anemia. The healed rib fractures occurred due to vitamin K and protein deficiencies and chronic coughing. It seems that the treating physicians alleged that Patrick’s health problems resulted from abuse, without considering the clinical data that lead to different causes, or performing differential diagnosis in this case.
The case of Baby Robert
Brian Herlihy was convicted of causing the death of Baby Robert, an infant in his care, by violently shaking the child. None of the physicians who testified as experts for the state reviewed the baby’s prenatal and postnatal medical records to learn about his pre-existing health problems, his treatment with corticosteroid, or his adverse reactions to vaccines. some of these physicians were aware that Baby Robert suffered from chronic health conditions such as a chronic subdural bleed, brain atrophy, and sinus and ear infections. However, they did not make any attempt to investigate the links between the baby’s chronic illnesses and his respiratory arrest on the morning of August 2, 2000. The evidence also shows that Brian was convicted and imprisoned due to sloppy and incomplete medical investigations. Please help the family by signing the Petition for the Release of Brian Herlihy
April 2009 – The Twins – Michael and Elizabeth Bruce’s twins were born eight weeks prematurely and fought hard to live. Later, baby Cameron died. Then Dalton was taken by the state. As happens over and over again, the state looks to the mother instead of repeated contraindicated medical interventions as the cause.
Triplets suffered from adverse reactions to vaccines and their parents were falsely accused of injuring them
The triplets were vaccinated with DTaP, IPV, Hib, and PCV vaccines at the age of 61 days in Imaan’s case and 75 days in Parneet and Sukhsaihaj’s case. At 15 days following vaccination, Parneet suffered from apnea, metabolic acidosis, seizures, infections, intracranial and retinal bleeding, and a skull fracture. Sukhsaihaj developed respiratory tract and eye infections, severe anemia, bleeding, and skull fracture. Imaan had severe anemia and a skull fracture. It was alleged that the babies’ injuries were caused by blunt trauma to the head. The parents were accused of causing the triplet’s injuries. The clinical data described in this report reveal that the triplet’s health problems were caused by vaccines. The severity of their injuries correlates with their hemoglobin levels at the time of vaccination. The subcutaneous and the intracranial bleeding resulted from protein and vitamin K deficiencies and infections. Severe anemia, vitamin K deficiency, and systemic infections are the likely causes of Parneet’s retinal bleeding. The skull fractures resulted from protein and vitamin K deficiencies. The severity of the fractures correlates with the severity of the protein and vitamin K deficiencies, the degree of the infection, and the level of the intracranial pressure.
September 16, 2004 – Analysis of causes that led to bleeding, cardiac arrest, and death in the case of baby Nadine
Ezbjörn Hahne was accused and convicted of killing his 40 day old daughter, Nadine, by shaking force (Shaking Baby Syndrome). Nadine suffered from cardiac arrest and died on September 16, 2004. The examination of her body and organs at autopsy and bone x-ray revealed no evidence of injuries caused by trauma. Ezbjörn was accused and convicted of killing Nadine based on the finding of old and new intracranial bleeding during autopsy. My investigation of this case clearly indicates that Nadine died as a result of health problems and vitamin K deficiency that led to intracranial bleeding, edema of the brain, neurological problems, and cardiac arrest. Nadine was treated with three courses of antibiotics during her short life and had other predisposing factors for vitamin K deficiency. The evidence indicates that the intracranial bleeding occurred probably during the four weeks prior to Nadine’s death. Nadine was born at 33 weeks of gestation by caesarean section. Her mother suffered from pregnancy complications that led to the premature rupture of the fetal membranes. She also had a urinary tract infection that was treated with antibiotics for 10 days following delivery. Nadine suffered from infection, hemolytic jaundice, neurological problems, and retardation of growth. She gained only 625 g during her 40 days of life (15.6 g/day), which is about 58% below of the weight gain expected for an infant her age.
November 2000 – The case of baby Alan
There have been several papers written on the case of Baby Alan after a thorough review of the medical records by knowledgeable and competent medical doctors. This case is finally receiving the publicity it deserves. An article entitled, “Shaken Baby Syndrome or Vaccine-Induced Encephalitis? The Story of Baby Alan” by Harold E. Buttram, MD and F. Edward Yazbak, MD, was the feature story in the Nov/Dec 2000edition of ICA Review, a journal of the International Chiropractic Association. Alan Yurko’s article, “Non-Traumatic Rib Injuries: A Logical and Statistical Conclusion in the Case of Alan Yurko,” was also published in the same edition. As an article in the September 2000 Redbook magazine points out, there are over 25 cases throughout the United States of men in prison for SBS when the medical records point to an adverse reaction to a vaccination as causing the premature death of their babies. Alan Yurko is currently having his mail withheld from him in an attempt to keep him from accessing information that can help him in his case. Organized medicine is so obsessed with hiding the fact that it’s vaccines are killing our children that it has resorted to convincing the courts to imprison innocent parents for this tragic trend. more
May 2005 – Histopathological features of Eliza Jane Scovill’s and Destiny Jacobo’s lungs with analysis of the causes of death in both cases
James K. Ribe is a supervising pathologist for the LA County Coroner who oversaw the investigations in Eliza Jane Scovill’s and Destiny Jacobo’s cases. Eliza Jane suffered from cardiac arrest and died following the administration of four doses of amoxicillin (400 mg twice a day). She died in Los Angeles, California on May 16, 2005 at the age of 3.5 years. Destiny Jacobo, a 21-month-old female toddler died suddenly in December of 1995 in Los Angeles. Ribe concluded that Eliza Jane suffered from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and died of AIDS. He listed the cause of death in Destiny’s case as shaken baby syndrome with associated head trauma. Ribe also alleged that there was forcible rectal insertion causing a retrorectal contusion. My review of the medical evidence in Eliza Jane’s case clearly indicates that Eliza Jane died as a result of allergic reaction to amoxicillin and she did not die of AIDS. The histological features of her lungs show no evidence of inflammation and fibrosis. Ribe’s allegation that Eliza Jane suffered from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is not supported by the clinical data and medical facts. Furthermore, my review of the medical evidence in Destiny’s case revealed that she suffered from severe acute hemorrhagic pneumonia and septicemia. The bleeding in her case was caused by septicemia and vitamin K deficiency. It also shows that James Ribe’s allegations of shaken baby syndrome and sexual abuse made in Destiny’s case are not supported by medical facts.
April 1995 – The case of baby Rikki
Scott Warren Walters was charged with the murder of his four-month-old baby daughter, Rikki Lee Walters, by allegedly shaking the baby to death on 22 April 1995. Rikki Lee was born on 23 January 1995 at 41 weeks’ gestation. The apgar scores (the scale, from 1 to 10, upon which a baby’s physical health is judged) were 8 at one minute and improved to 9 at five minutes. She was vaccinated on 19 April 1995, 72 hours prior to her death. Vaccines given were triple antigen (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis), Hibtiter (Haemophilus influenzae), hepatitis B and polio syrup. The fact that Rikki Lee had a bad reaction to vaccination was also noted by the police in the “Report of Death to the Coroner”, dated 23 April 1995:
“The deceased received two-monthly injections on Wednesday 19.4.95 on her three-monthly period because she had been sick. The deceased then suffered a bad reaction to the injections; however, the mother did not return her to the doctor.
The case of baby Alexa
“My third report on the false accusation of innocent people of killing children by so called SBS is released. Below is the link for the first part and the entire report will be posted soon. Attached please find my full 86-page report on Alexa’s case as a word file for your review. The medical evidence speaks for itself. There is a direct link between the MMR vaccine and the death of the child in this case. However, the physicians, the medical examiner, and the prosecutors who evaluated this case ignored the evidence. They put an innocent mother of five children in prison. People need to be involved to fix our broken medical system in the USA and Europe. These tragedies should be stopped. Our society’s vital resources are wasted on unnecessary trials. Now, I am working on the fourth case with the similar story and it will be released in December. The SBS’s theory is false and we have the medical evidence to prove it. ” Mohammed Ali Al-Bayati, Ph.D., DABT, DABVT, Toxicologist and Pathologist
Analysis of causes that led to the development of vitiligo in Jeanett’s case
At the age of two years, Jeanette developed vitiligo within days of receiving her first MMR vaccine and the fourth injection of DTaP and IPV vaccines. Furthermore, at five years of age, she developed many more unpigmented spots on her body with acrofacial vitiligo, following receiving MMR, DTaP and IPV vaccines. Jeanette’s susceptibility to developing adverse reactions to vaccine was notable a few hours after birth following receiving her first injection of the hepatitis B vaccine. Furthermore, the intensity and the frequency of her adverse reactions to vaccines were significantly increased following receiving more doses of hepatitis B, DTaP, IPV, Hib, and MMR vaccines. Jeanette’s health condition during her second year of life, when she was not given any vaccine was better than during her first year of life, when she received several vaccines. It is likely that the MMR vaccine induced the depigmentation of Jeanette’s skin through local and systemic autoimmune reactions. Synergistic actions between the MMR vaccine and other vaccines given to Jeanette could be also involved in causing the depigmentation of her skin. I believe that Jeanette should not receive any vaccine in future. Vaccine probably will aggravate her present illness and trigger more illnesses. Jeanette was treated with corticosteroids ointment but the steroids did not help in stopping the depigmentation of her skin. Recommendations for clinical tests and treatment plans are presented in this report that I believe will help Jeanette’s pediatrician to better monitor and treat her vitiligo. (Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease. Doctors have use Transfer Factor successfully to modulate the immune system. )
The case of baby Jackie Ray’s developmental delay and intracranial bleeding
A 3 month-old black male infant had a seizure and his mother took him to the hospital for examination. The baby was examined at the ER and no signs of trauma were identified. A CT scan exam of his head performed at 1.25 hours following his admission to the hospital (FAH) showed only a small area of bleeding in the left frontal region. A second CT head exam taken at about 40 hours FAH revealed that the baby had subdural hemorr-hages and brain edema. A brain MRI exam performed at 89 hours FAH showed the baby’s subdural bleeding was bilateral and at various ages. The treating physicians alleged that vigorous shaking (Shaken Baby Syndrome) caused the baby’s bleeding. The baby’s father was accused of causing his son’s injuries. My investigation in this case reveals that the baby received 7 vaccines at two months of age, while he was ill. He suffered from developmental delay, anemia and femoral abnormalities. His head circumference (HC) was 38.7 cm on the day of vaccination and it decreased to 37.3 cm at 32 days post vaccination. The baby’s HC growth rate during the 2 months prior to vaccination was 2.8 cm/month. His rate of weight gain was also reduced by 32% following vaccination as compared to the rate prior to vaccination. Vitamin K deficiency was the likely cause of the baby’s bleeding and femoral abnormalities. The allegations of Shaken Baby Syndrome and child abuse made in this case are false.
Shaken Baby Syndrome DefenseZachary Bravo is a lawyer who specializes in false allegations of SBS – Bravos Zachary M Law Offices – (630) 510-1300 – 600 W Roosevelt Rd Ste B1, Wheaton, IL 60187 Zachb @ aol.com
Shaken Baby/Impact Syndrome: Flawed Concepts and Misdiagnoses – A review of 22 cases
by Harold E Buttram, M.D. December 2000The following article represents a review of twenty-two cases of shaken baby syndrome (SBS) accusations and/or convictions over a period of approximately three and a half years. Its primary purpose is to offer a composite of information gained from study of these cases to parents or caretakers who have been accused and/or convicted of child abuse in the form of SBS, information which may be of value in their defense. Every effort has been made to maintain simplicity and clarity in the organization of the material. Each section is designed to be complete in itself, and for this reason some portions are repetitious more.
A testimonial My name is Debra Grater, and I live in Pennsylvania with my husband and two children. I was a child care provider with a great love for children when I was accused of, and criminally prosecuted for, alleged Shaken Baby Syndrome. I am innocent and have always maintained my innocence. That is the day my life and the lives of those I loved changed forever, and this is my story.
It was December 15, 2000, a normal babysitting day for me until approximately 3:30 p.m. when I was catapulted into the world of false allegations. I had been caring for a 4-month old boy for nine days, and on the tenth day he was taken to his pediatrician for a “well-baby” visit where he was vaccinated with the DTaP, Hibiter, Hepatitis, Polio and the Prevnar. He was dropped off at my home at approximately 10:00 a.m. by his mother. I checked on him regularly, and he seemed fine until around 3:30 p.m. when I found him unresponsive and barely breathing.
I called 911 and even did mouth-to-mouth on him at one point, because he stopped breathing altogether. The hospitals he was taken to concluded his injuries were consistent with child abuse/shaken baby syndrome. I was in shock. I was viciously interrogated for three and a half hours by police and was arrested on charges of “shaken baby syndrome” (SBS). I was out on bail after being placed in an “involuntary” medical hospital for a “psychiatric evaluation.”
Upon my release I began to research this so-called SBS. I found out that, many times over, adverse reactions to vaccines were being misdiagnosed as SBS, yet SBS is only a theory, never proven as a definitively understood entity. By researching the medical journals, it was clear that the experts in the field could not even agree on what SBS actually is! Even more shocking was the discovery that adverse reactions to routine vaccinations can “mimic” what is thought to be SBS. Upon further researching vaccines, I was shocked to see that tens of thousands of children are damaged and many even killed by vaccines. I had always thought vaccines were safe.
I found that the ingredients in vaccines were nothing more than a witches’ brew of animal blood, toxic metals, neurotoxins, viruses, bacteria, and even a pesticide! Yes, pesticide. Thimerosal, a common ingredient in many vaccines, is a registered pesticide with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Thimerosal is nearly 50% mercury, and a routine “well-baby” visit can see a child get injected with up to 62.5 micrograms (mcg) of mercury! EPA guidelines for mercury exposure are 0.1 mcg of mercury per kilogram of body weight per day. The child in my case was given over 40 times the “safe” amount in matter of minutes—directly into his bloodstream and shortly before he was dropped off at my home. In addition, this child had had an indication of possible neurological conditions, as his head was abnormally large. The Physicians’ Desk Reference clearly states that any child with an underlying neurological condition SHOULD NOT BE VACCINATED. danger of vaccines
Even healthy children can have adverse reactions to vaccines, and my son and daughter are perfect examples of that. At 6 months my son was vaccinated, then again at 9 months. He received the HepB and Varicella at 12 months and the MMR and Hib at 15 months. In March of 1997, at age 6 months, he started with episodes of vomiting and diarrhea and had poor weight gain. At 9 months he was in the 5th percentile on the weight chart—very underweight. Then in November of 1997, at almost 17 months, it was noted that he had lost 1-2 pounds since he was 9 months old and had more episodes of vomiting and diarrhea. The doctors say it was lactose intolerance and failure to thrive, but I feel now it was the vaccines that did it. Just look at the pattern. If only I knew then what I know now.
In January of 2001 my daughter was given the Polio, Prevnar and Varicella shots and then in April of 2001 she was given the MMR, Hibiter and Prevnar again. Both times she developed a high fever of 104.6 and went into hypo-tonic/hypo-responsive episodes. She would not walk, talk, eat, drink or play. She laid around like a rag doll. I voiced my concerns to the pediatricians and they said “we do not usually see that happen” and brushed it off. When I refused more shots for my children I was dismissed from their practice and told to secure medical care elsewhere. Oddly, my children are healthier now than they were when they were getting the shots.
Vaccines carry serious and sometimes fatal consequences, and people need to know this so they can truly make an informed choice. They also need to know what to do to avoid legal pitfalls in choosing what gets put into their bodies or their children’s bodies. No one can force you to do anything you do not want to do.
I was left no choice but to take a plea agreement of no contest, as I could have faced up to 15 years in prison in the aforementioned case. I chose not to risk what a jury would decide, because most people (like myself at one time) believed vaccines were safe. I chose to secure that my children would grow up with their mother. So that I would not go to prison innocently, I chose to accept a “NO CONTEST” plea. I am slowly picking up the pieces and moving on. I maintain my innocence and plan to make a difference by raising awareness. The system needs help, and parents/caretakers need to be informed. In my case, I believe this child was damaged by vaccines, and so did some doctors. If you would like to know more about my case you can contact me at: debbiehaven@msn.com
If you have a vaccine exemption legal issue or question click here to email Alan Phillips or call 919-960-5172 NC. He is one of only a handful of attorneys in the U.S. with a focus on vaccine legal exemptions. See his article Vaccine Religious Exemption
Methanol – parents wrongly accused of poisoning their infants from Dr. Al-Bayati Ph.D., D.A.B.T., D.A.B.V.T. Toxicologist and Pathologist, Toxi-Health International“Abstract: Stryker is a 55-day-old white male infant who was found dead in his bed on September 6, 2005. Based on the finding of methanol (20 mg/dL) and formic acid (23.2 mg/dL) in a blood sample taken from his heart at the time of autopsy, his parents were accused of poisoning him with methanol. My investigation reveals that the baby died as a result of severe hyponatremia. He had a critically low serum sodium level of 114 mmol/L (normal range: 135-145 mmol/L). Moreover, the gross and microscopic examinations of the brain showed evidence of edema and hypoxia and these lesions are reported in people suffering from hyponatremia. My investigation also reveals that there is no evidence that the baby suffered from methanol poisoning. He did not show any symptom of metha-nol poisoning prior to his death. His brain, spinal cord, eyes and optic nerves, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, and other tissues were examined grossly and microscopically and no lesion was observed that indicated intoxication with methanol. It is likely that the methanol and formic acid detected in Stryker’s blood resulted from the contamination of the blood with formalin used to fix tissues. This fixative contains 1 to 1.5% methanol and 3 to 4% formaldehyde. The oxidation of formaldehyde to formic acid is facilitated by formal-dehyde dehydrogenase present in the red blood cells.” more
“This is a unique case. A family was accused of poisoning their two months old infant with methanolin 2005 and they are waiting for trial in Ontario. Their children were taken and placed with other families. My investigation reveals that the baby died as a result of metabolic and
development problems and the family is innocent. Below is the link for my report on a case in Texas that I published two months ago. My findings also show that the father is innocent. Al-Bayati MA. Analysis of causes that led to subdural bleeding, skull and rib fractures, and death in the case of baby Averial Buie. Medical Veritas; Vol. 4 (2): pages 1-18, 2007″ more
Forced Drugging of Children – Parents may face jail over compulsory drug ordersIn the US judges can constitutionally order controversial drugs to be given to a child over the opposition of his parents. Parents are medicating their children for fear of having them hauled away by Child Protective Services. In the UK Parents of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) will face jail under proposals in the new Mental Health Bill if they refuse to drug their children, a psychiatrist has warned. more
Shaken Baby Syndrome: an online conference
A major goal in presenting this online conference on SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME is to stimulate broad discussion of issues that are vital to public health.Zachary Bravo is a lawyer who specializes in false allegations of SBS – Bravos Zachary M Law Offices – (630) 510-1300 – 600 W Roosevelt Rd Ste B1, Wheaton, IL 60187 Zachb @ aol.com
The national on-line “Show Us the Vaccine Data Petition” was announced by the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) at an August 23, 2004, meeting of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), National Academies of Sciences in Washington, D.C. At that meeting, parents of vaccine-injured autistic
children protested that the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) was being used by federal health officials to cover up vaccine risks associated with mercury preservatives in vaccines. That day, the National Vaccine Information Center, as well as SAFEMINDS, National Autism Association, Moms Against Mercury, CoMed, NoMercury.org and Unlocking Autism, all called for full public disclosure of all government-held vaccine risk data in the VSD
CIVIL MANAGEMENT AND CRIMINAL CONSEQUENCES OF VACCINE INJURY
by Allan Phillips, Director of Citizens for Healthcare Freedom
(The article was written for a law school class)Vaccine injuries can have both civil and criminal ramifications. This paper explores civil management of vaccine injury for victims seeking compensation through the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and discusses the potentially devastating consequences that can befall a family when injuries caused by vaccines are mistakenly attributed to physical abuse inflicted by a caretaker (Part II) – (Part I)
Part 2 of 2: A Criminal Consequence of Vaccine Injury: Misdiagnosed Shaken Baby Syndrome
A. The Causal Link, Generally
According to Australian researcher Viera Schiebner, Ph.D., there has been a recent epidemic of the so-called “Shaken Baby Syndrome,” (SBS) and “[m]any infants who suffer [from it] may be victims of undiagnosed vaccine damage.” Dr. Schiebner finds the vaccine damage explanation more probable than the proposition that the unprecedented increase in the syndrome is due simply to an increase in the number of people who are capable or desirous of hurting or killing babies. She has provided expert reports for a number of attorneys representing defendants accused of SBS. Upon reviewing the medical records in these cases, she found that in every one, the symptoms appeared shortly after the child had received a routine immunization.
Until recently, most vaccine deaths have been labeled “Sudden Infant Death Syndrome,” especially if obvious symptoms were minimal. But with alarming frequency, one parent—usually the father—is accused of shaking the baby to death. Ironically, the parent may even “confess” to shaking the baby, having done so upon finding the baby not breathing or unconscious, and hoping to revive it. According to Scheibner, some defendants in SBS cases have won in court based on experts’ reports showing vaccines to be the cause of the injuries or death. But where the accused caregiver is uneducated, has a criminal record, or where a vaccine injury is accompanied by other physical injuries from another cause, the defendant’s chances are remote. Regarding the SBS/vaccine connection, one U.S. social worker told Dr. Schiebner, “many foster parents are rotting in U.S. prisons. First, they are forced to vaccinate their charges, and then, when side effects or death occur, they are accused of causing them.”
Medical research acknowledges the ambiguity that may exist when attempting to distinguish SIDS from child abuse. According to Dr. Scheibner, a 1993 study revealed that making the determination challenges pediatricians, family physicians, pathologists and child protection agencies. Other research suggests that there must be findings of blunt impact to the head to eliminate the possibility of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhaging from a rare vascular malformation or bleeding disorder. While there is no dispute that some parents and caregivers cause injuries through mistreatment, Schiebner makes a compelling case that vaccines should be given careful consideration in many instances. “Ever since mass vaccination of infants began, reports of serious brain, cardiovascular, metabolic and other injuries started filling pages of medical journals.” In fact, pertussis vaccine has been used to induce encephalomyelitis, which is characterized by brain swelling and hemorrhaging similar to that caused by mechanical injuries, in laboratory animals. Of course, when laboratory animals develop symptoms and die, it is not considered coincidental; but when children develop the same symptoms and die following immunization, one of three things happens: it is considered coincidental, the parents or caregiver are accused of causing the injury, or the cause of death is considered unknown and classified as SIDS. Contributing to this difficulty is the fact that as a result of “immunological intravascular complexing of particulate antigen,” delayed reactions from vaccines are the norm rather than the exception; that is, most vaccine injuries and deaths fall outside of the arbitrary medical-legal guidelines set for accepting the causal link between the vaccines and the injury or death. This, combined with the above-mentioned ambiguities, makes for a rather difficult case for defendants, and to be fair, could make for a difficult determination of the truth of the matter one way or the other even for informed physicians and juries in many cases.
Many of the classic benchmarks of abuse can also result from vaccination. Retinal hemorrhages can be caused not only by shaking, but also by vaccines and by attempts at cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children, which may be applied to non-responsive children who suffer breathing distress caused by vaccines. A bulging fontanelle has been documented as being directly caused by the DPT vaccine. Thrombocytopenia, a blood clotting disorder characterized by easy bruising and bleeding and which may result in brain and other hemorrhages, is also a recognized side-effect of vaccines. Add to this the well-documented common occurrence of seizures following vaccines—which can cause injurious falls in young mobile children (and which may go unobserved by parents), and the possibility that vaccine damage may be mistaken for physical abuse becomes quite tenable.
B. A Case Study: The Story of Baby Alan
Alan Yurko is serving a life sentence plus 10 years for shaken baby syndrome (SBS). Numerous medical doctors have reviewed his son Baby Alan’s medical records and have concluded that he died of a reaction to the DTaP vaccine he was given at the age of two months. The baby’s medical records also show that he suffered from multiple rib fractures on the left side of his body. This was likely from a bone disease due to a severe vitamin and mineral deficiencies and not from handling the baby too roughly since one side of body was more effected than the other. There have been several papers written on this case after a thorough review of the medical records by knowledgeable and competent medical doctors. This case is finally receiving the publicity it deserves. An article entitled, “Shaken Baby Syndrome or Vaccine-Induced Encephalitis? The Story of Baby Alan” by Harold E. Buttram, MD and F. Edward Yazbak, MD, was the feature story in the Nov/Dec 2000 edition of ICA Review, a journal of the International Chiropractic Association. Alan Yurko’s article, “Non-Traumatic Rib Injuries: A Logical and Statistical Conclusion in the Case of Alan Yurko,” was also published in the same edition. As an article in the September 2000 Redbook magazine points out, there are over 25 cases throughout the United States of men in prison for SBS when the medical records point to an adverse reaction to a vaccination as causing the premature death of their babies. Alan Yurko is currently having his mail withheld from him in an attempt to keep him from accessing information that can help him in his case. Organized medicine is so obsessed with hiding the fact that it’s vaccines are killing our children that it has resorted to convincing the courts to imprison innocent parents for this tragic trend. more Update Feb. 18, 2003: A pathologist has uncovered evidence that ‘shaken baby’ Alan Yurko was killed by medical staff who massively overdosed the infant with the drug Heparin, only hours before he died. His father by the same name is imprisoned in Florida for shaking him causing hemorrhage and death. Heparin is a blood anti-coagulant very similar to Warfarin –a poison which kills rats by internal hemorrhaging. more
Update March 27, 2003
Lost, Mishandled Evidence May Mean New Appeals Stunning revelations of forensic evidence missing from or mishandled by the Medical Examiners Office for Orange and Osceola Counties, located in Central Florida, shocked public defenders, defense attorneys and Floridians during October and may lead to a wave of new post conviction appeals by dozens or even hundreds of criminal defendants who are still in prison.
Analysis of Causes That Led to Baby Alan Ream Yurko’s Cardiac Arrest and Death in November of 1997
The Yurko family is in desperate need of support letters for Alan to get a new Hearing! click here to learn how you can help with support letters Your financial support is also imperative for the success of this trial and the success of the precedent-setting case for dismantling our current demise into “Medical Armageddon”.
Breaking news 12/26/03: Evidentiary Hearing granted In an unusual move, Judge Lawson’s office contacted Alan’s attorney on 12/19 to advise him that, based upon the Appeal for Post-Conviction Relief, a hearing has been granted, but that setting the date and venue were still in process.About $50,000 is needed to cover expenses. Please donate to help the family
. The Facts
Baby Alan Yurko (his father’s name is also Alan) was born September 16, 1997. Labor was induced at 35 weeks due to a deficiency of amniotic fluid. The mother had many medical problems prior to and during pregnancy, including a history of colon problems, gestational diabetes, and a group B streptococcal infection during pregnancy which itself poses a high risk of infant death. She was sick and lost weight during the pregnancy, placing the fetus at great risk for nutritional deficiencies and retardation. The combination of medical concerns “placed a guarded prognosis on the baby at time of birth.”Baby Alan spent his first seven days in the hospital, with three in intensive care. During his 10-week life, baby Alan suffered from pneumonia, respiratory distress, and jaundice. In November of 1997, at about 8 weeks of age, despite significant contraindications, baby Alan was given six vaccines simultaneously: DTP, Hib, OBV, and Hepatitis B. Ten or eleven days later, he developed a high pitched scream and fever, but having been forewarned of this possibility (these are common vaccine reactions), the parents did not become overly concerned. This was accompanied by lethargy and a lack of feeding, a pattern that continued for three days. It culminated when at one point the baby stopped breathing, at a time when the father happened to be alone with the baby and his four-year-old daughter. After the father’s failed attempts to resuscitate the baby, he got a neighbor to take them to the hospital where the baby was successfully resuscitated. In total, there were some 20-25 minutes of apnea before the hospital resuscitation. The baby was transferred to another hospital and put on life support. A brain scan was interpreted as showing a subdural hematoma (blood clot or swelling in the outer covering of the brain or spinal chord), one or two sites of “entraparenchymal bleeding,” and pulmonary infiltrates (inflamed lungs). After 75 hours in the hospital, baby Alan was pronounced dead.
Alan Yurko was charged with aggravated child abuse and first-degree murder of his infant son, Alan; he is now serving a life sentence without possibility of parole at Washington Correctional Institution in Chipley, Florida. Mr. Yurko insists that he did not kill his son; rather, he now claims that his son died from a combination of medical mistreatment and an adverse reaction to immunizations. Doctors and scientists from 15 countries have rallied to support Alan’s innocence, as have members of anti-vaccination/pro-choice groups from around the world.
The medical examiner’s post-mortem findings included: minor contusions and a small bruise; swollen brain; hemorrhages on both brain hemispheres, at the base of the brain and over some areas of the spinal chord; bleeding in one eye; old healing fractures in four ribs on the back left side; and mildly hemorrhagic, inflamed, congested lungs. Based on these findings, the medical examiner concluded that the baby died of shaken baby syndrome.
A report analyzing Mr. Yurko’s case was published in the November/December 2000 issue of International Review of Chiropractic (IRC). The authors (Harold E. Buttram, M.D., a family physician, hospital staff member, and Diplomate in Environmental Medicine; and F. Edward Yazbak, M.D., a retired pediatrician), present a chilling and compelling case for Mr. Yurko’s innocence. Following some 2000 hours of review and research, they concluded that the baby Alan died of a vaccine reaction. more on the story
Organizations to help loving families falsely accused of SBS
Shaken Baby Syndrome Truth Foundation Shaken Baby Syndrome Truth Foundation represents a cutting-edge group of physicians, medical researchers, bio-mechanical engineers, legal authorities and falsely accused who believe that Shaken Baby Syndrome is often an incorrect medical diagnosis leading to false allegations. Often the hype from victim advocacy groups and the media results in innocent persons who are falsely accused of Shaken Baby Syndrome, incorrectly prosecuted and jailed. Their mission is to seek the truth in alleged cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome and to ensure that the public does not fall prey to inaccurate medical diagnosis, sloppy investigative techniques and mean-spirited prosecutors.
A Voice for Children helps parents who are FALSELY ACCUSED of child abuse, lobbies for Civil Rights, and the ELIMINATION of corrupt officials, judges, bureaucrats. Pamela and Will Gaston are highly involved in “Rattling the Gates of Hell” of the bureaucratic and judicial corruption in the state of Oregon. We support Measure 1 to overturn Oregon Constitution Article VII (amended) and restoring the original.
American Family Rights Association is the national association of children’s, mothers, fathers, parents, family, justice, freedom advocates. OPPOSES the insertion of the coercive power of government into the FAMILY. We oppose false allegations, malicious prosecution, anonymous reporters, and the denial of Civil Rights and Miranda Rights to the accused. We oppose the denial of Civil Rights to children, and government presumption that they know what is “In the best interest of the child”, and anything government does to children is unquestionable. We oppose immunity and impunity of CPS Social Workers, law enforcement officers, and judges from being held accountable for deliberate wrong-doing and corruption. As parents- We have the right, guaranteed by law and the Constitution to make our own choices in our relationships and marriages; birthing and raising our children; instilling our own values into our children; controlling our children’s education, health, and discipline; controlling what social values we chose to accept, or not, for ourselves and our children, without coercive governmental intervention and control.
Without your voice, there is no choice! Citizens For Health is a free, grassroots, consumer advocacy group that champions public policies empowering individuals to make informed health choices. Let your voice be heard!
CPS Watch (Child Protective Services Watch) Currently, CPS Watch has thousands of members in all 50 states and Canada. Members of CPS Watch come from very diverse backgrounds; parents, step parents, foster caregivers, social workers, attorneys and even judges make up the membership of CPS Watch. All are concerned about the manner in which CPS agencies are treating families.
INTERNET RESOURCESZachary Bravo is a lawyer who specializes in false allegations of SBS – Bravos Zachary M Law Offices – (630) 510-1300 – 600 W Roosevelt Rd Ste B1, Wheaton, IL 60187 Zachb @ aol.com
Vaccine Information (Info and links on a wide variety of topics relating to vaccines and health.)
Gigglesandfrog (Info and links for “anyone falsely accused of child abuse.” New, up and coming site.)
International Symposium (Info on a symposium on vaccination to be held in the U.K in November of 2004)
Informed CHOICE (Susan Kreider, RN’s website on smallpox, bioterrorism and vaccination. Highly informative.)Vaccines — Injections of Death! by Alan R. Yurko (on vaclib.org) (Vaccination Liberation website)
Italiano: SBS: i vaccini e la sindrome dei bambini scossi Ha ricevuto un ergastolo (da 6 anni in galera) a causa della Sindrome dei Bambini Scossi (SBS – shaken baby syndrome), Alan Yurko e’ supportato da un’esercito di esperti medici e sostenitori della sicurezza per i vaccini che concordano che il suo piccolo fu’ ucciso da una reazione avversa ai vaccini e dalle susseguenti complicazioni iatrogeniche avvenute in ospedale.Sappiamo che ci sono casi di SBS. Comunque sia, cosi’ come Yurko, molte persone e famiglie, sono state, e sono tuttora, ingiustamente assalite da un “rullo compressore” di interessi medico-legali. Su questo sito troverete varie presentazioni della storia del figlioletto di Alan, un chiaro esempio di cosa possa accedere a chiunque. “New Scientist” (“El Nuevo Científico”) publicó recientemente un estudio que reta el concepto generalizado de que solo la violencia extrema causa en los infantes lo que se conoce como el síndrome del bebé sacudido, y cuestiona la evidencia científica en que se han basado muchas acusaciones por niños que han fallecido. Muchos padres han sido procesados por asesinato por, supuestamente, haber sacudido a sus bebés hasta causar su muerte, pero la evidencia médica sugiere que las vacunas son en gran parte de esos casos las causantes de las desgracias. “El síndrome del bebé sacudido (SBS) describe comúnmente una combinación de hematoma subdural, hemorragia en la retina y lesión axonal difusa, como el trio de síntomas en que se basa el criterio para ese diagnóstico. En algunos, la presencia de fracturas, en las costillas u otras, se toma también como signo de abuso. El tema básico que se presenta aquí es si, en ciertas circunstancias en que un padre, miembro de la familia o persona al cuidado de un infante ha sido acusado de causar su muerte por el síndrome del bebé sacudido (SBS), la causa verdadera haya sido una reacción catastrófica a las vacunas. Pocos estudios publicados sobre el efecto de las vacunas, incluyen análises anteriores y posteriores de los parámetros de inmunidad o de las funciones cerebrales tales como electroencefalogramas, u observaciónes sobre la seguridad de la inmunización a largo plazo. No se ha dado la importancia adecuada a los efectos adversos cumulativos o sinérgicos de la vacunación múltiple simultánea, aún cuando en el caso de químicos tóxicos, dos componentes mezclados pueden ser diez veces más tóxicos que cada uno de ellos individualmente, o tres componentes cien veces más tóxicos.“ Harold E. Buttram, MD. – “Muchos infantes que sufren del nombrado sindrome del bebé sacudido (SBS) pueden ser víctimas de daños no diagnosticados inducidos por vacunas. Desde que se inició la inmunización en masa de infantes, reportes de graves daños cerebrales, cardiovasculares, metabólicos y de otras índoles comenzaron a llenar las páginas de los diarios médicos. Incluso, la vacuna contra el pertusis ha sido usada para inducir la encefalomielitis, que se caracteriza por inflamación y hemorragia cerebral.“ Viera Scheibner, PhD.
In recent years, the annual number of reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) has exceeded the total number of reports of routine childhood vaccine-preventable disease! more
“Agreat number of babies now die within days or within two to four weeks of birth after hepatitis B vaccination, as documented by the records of the VAERS [Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System] in the USA.) So, the baby stops progressing, starts deteriorating, and usually develops signs of respiratory tract infection. Then comes the second and third injections, and tragedy strikes: the child may cry intensely and inconsolably, may stop feeding properly, vomit, have difficulty swallowing, become irritable, stop sleeping, and may develop convulsions with accelerating progressive deterioration of its condition and mainly its brain function.
This deterioration may be fast, or may slowly inch in until the parents notice that something is very wrong with their child and then rush it to the doctor or hospital. Interestingly, they are invariably asked when the baby was immunised. On learning that the baby was indeed “immunised”, the parents may be reassured that its symptoms will all clear up. They are sent home with the advice, “Give your baby Panadol”. If they persist in considering the baby’s reaction serious, they may be labelled as anxious parents or trouble-makers. So the parents go home, and the child remains in a serious condition or dies.
Until recently, the vaccine death would have just been labelled “sudden infant death”, particularly if the symptoms and pathological findings were minimal. However, nowadays, with an alarmingly increasing frequency, the parents (or at least one of them, usually the father) may be accused of shaking the baby to death”. read on
“The FDA admits that the 12,000 reports it receives annually on pharmacologic side effects from vaccines represent only a fraction of what actually occurs.” Nicholas Regush
Many claim that The Shroud of Turin is Jesus Christ but the Knights Templar claim that this is Jacques de Molay. I myself would like to think that this is Jesus Christ but with my research and understanding of history tend to lead me to believe that this is indeed Jacques de Molay and not Jesus Christ.
Geoffroi de Charny (the French Knight who died at the 1356 battle of Poitiers) and his wife Jeanne de Vergy are the first reliably recorded owners of the Turin Shroud. This Geoffroi participated in a failed crusade under Humbert II of Viennois in the late 1340s.[26] He is sometimes confused with Templar Geoffroi de Charney.[27]
Any discussion of the Shroud of Turin is bound to be controversial. Those who view this sacred and holy relic fall into two camps, those that believe it to be the undisputed earthly evidence of a Christ risen and those who believe it to be a medieval forgery.
It is not the intention of this web site to cast doubt on or support the authenticity of the shroud, but rather to show its possible relationship to the Knights Templar. We receive many letters from angry people who wish to enter into lengthy debates about carbon 14 reliability. We are aware of new evidence that puts the reliability of carbon 14 dating in question, so please refrain from telling us of the findings or directing us to URLs that make the claims.
There are two theories that relate to the Templars having been involved with the Shroud, one, which would support the authenticity of the Shroud and another, which would refute it.
In 1204 the Crusaders sacked the city of Constantinople. Among them were the Knights Templar, whom some scholars contend took the Burial shroud of Jesus from the city. To support this theory, author Ian Wilson who wrote the book “The Shroud of Turin: Burial Cloth Of Jesus?” makes the claim that the head that the Templars were accused of worshipping was none other than that of Jesus. His belief is that the Shroud when folded depicted the head of Christ and was referred to as the “Mandylion.” There is a painted panel at Templecombe in England that shows a bearded head like that, which is depicted on the Mandylion.
In their two books, “The Hiram Key” and “The Second Messiah,” authors Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas paint a contrasting picture to the Mandylion theory. The authors theorize that the image on the Shroud of Turin is in fact that of the last Grand Master of the order, Jacques de Molay, who was tortured some months before his execution in 1307. The image on the shroud certainly does fit the description of de Molay as depicted in medieval wood cuts, a long nose, hair shoulder length and parted in the center, a full beard that forked at its base, not to mention the six-foot frame. De Molay was said to be quite tall.
However, many have criticized the theory on the basis that the Templar rule of order forbade the Templars from growing their hair long. What critics of the theory overlook is that during DeMolay’s seven years in prison it is highly unlikely that he would have been afforded such luxuries as good grooming.
Knight and Lomas claim that the shroud figured in the Templars rituals of figurative resurrection and that DeMolay’s tortured body was wrapped in a shroud, which the Templars kept after his death. Lomas and Knight further believe that lactic acid and blood from DeMolay’s tortured body mixed with frankincense (used to whiten the cloth) etching his image into the shroud.
When the shroud was first put on display in 1357 (50 years after the disbanding of the order) by the family of Geoffrey de Charney who was also burned at the stake with de Molay, the first people viewing the shroud recognized the image to be that of Christ.
The authors theorize that Jacques de Molay may have been tortured in a manner similar to Christ as a mockery. Certainly then, the wounds suffered by de Molay where the same as those of Jesus Christ on the Cross.
Today it is commonly believed by many, through carbon dating, that the shroud dates to the late 13th century and not to the date of Christ’s supposed crucifixion. It is interesting that the church revealed these carbon dating results on October 13th, 1989, which is the same day the Templars were arrested by Church and State. According to the authors:
“Carbon dating has conclusively shown that the Shroud of Turin dates from between 1260 and 1380, precisely as we would expect if it were the image of Jacques de Molay. There is no other known theory that fits the scientifically established facts. Through experimentation, we know that the figure on the Shroud was on a soft bed of some kind, which strongly suggests that the victim was not dead and was expected to recover.”
The Second Messiah pg. 161 – Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas
Regardless of whether the findings of Ian Wilson or Knight and Lomas are correct, it is evident that this most holy and venerated relic has found its way into the Templar mythos.
Lynn Picknet and Clive Prince, authors of “Turin Shroud: In Whose Image?” present another theory of interest on the matter. Readers will recognize the authors from the book, “The Templar Revelation.” In the authors’ earlier book the duo claim that Leonardo Da Vinci who created an early photographic technique manufactured the image on the shroud of Turin.
Stephanie Pappas
Live Science
Thu, 05 Apr 2012 17:01 CDT
A hoax or a miracle? The Shroud of Turin has inspired this question for centuries. Now, an art historian says this piece of cloth, said to bear the imprint of the crucified body of Jesus Christ, may be something in between.
According to Thomas de Wesselow, formerly of Cambridge University, the controversial shroud is no medieval forgery, as a 1989 attempt at radiocarbon dating suggests. Nor is the strange outline of the body on the fabric a miracle, de Wesselow writes in his new book, The Sign: The Shroud of Turin and the Secret of the Resurrection (Dutton Adult, 2012). Instead, de Wesselow suggests, the shroud was created by natural chemical processes – and then interpreted by Jesus’ followers as a sign of his resurrection.
“People in the past did not view images as just the mundane things that we see them as today. They were potentially alive. They were seen as sources of power,” de Wesselow told LiveScience. The image of Jesus found on the shroud would have been seen as a “living double,” he said. “It seemed like they had a living double after his death and therefore it was seen as Jesus resurrected.”
Believing the shroud
As de Wesselow is quick to admit, this idea is only a hypothesis. No one has tested whether a decomposing body could leave an imprint on shroud-style cloth like the one seen on the shroud. A 2003 paper published in the journal Melanoidins in Food and Health, however, posited that chemicals from the body could react with carbohydrates on the cloth, resulting in a browning reaction similar to the one seen on baked bread. (De Wesselow said he knows of no plans to conduct an experiment to discover if this idea really works.)
Perhaps more problematic is the authenticity of the shroud itself. Radiocarbon dating conducted in 1988 estimated the shroud to medieval times, between approximately A.D. 1260 and 1390. This is also the same time period when records of the shroud begin to appear, suggesting a forgery.
Critics have charged that the researchers who dated the shroud accidentally chose asample of fabric added to the shroud during repairs in the medieval era, skewing the results. That controversy still rages, but de Wesselow is convinced of the shroud’s authenticity from an art history approach.
“It’s nothing like any other medieval work of art,” de Wesselow said. “There’s just nothing like it.”
Among the anachronisms, de Wesselow said, is the realistic nature of the body outline. No one was painting that realistically in the 14th century, he said. Similarly, the body image is in negative (light areas are dark and vice versa), a style not seen until the advent of photography centuries later, he said.
“From an art historian’s point of view, it’s completely inexplicable as a work of art of this period,” de Wesselow said.
Resurrection: spiritual or physical?
If de Wesselow’s belief in the shroud’s legitimacy is likely to rub skeptics the wrong way, his mundane explanation of how the image of Jesus came to be is likely to ruffle religious feathers. According to de Wesselow, there’s no need to invoke a miracle when simple chemistry could explain the imprint. It’s likely, he says, that Jesus’ female followers returned to his tomb to finish anointing his body for burial three days after his death. When they lifted the shroud to complete their work, they would have seen the outline of the body and interpreted it as a sign of Jesus’ spiritual revival.
From there, de Wesselow suspects, the shroud went on tour around the Holy Land, providing physical proof of the resurrection to Jesus’ followers. When the Bible talks about people meeting Jesus post-resurrection, de Wesselow said, what it really means is that they saw the shroud. He cites the early writings of Saint Paul, which focus on a spiritual resurrection, over the gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke and John, which were written later and invoke physical resurrection.
“The original conception of the resurrection was that Jesus was resurrected in a spiritual body, not in his physical body,” de Wesselow said.
These ideas are already receiving pushback, though de Wesselow says he’s yet to get responses from people who have read his entire book. Noted skeptic Joe Nickell toldMSNBC’s Alan Boyle that de Wesselow’s ideas were “breathtakingly astonishing,” and not in a good way; Nickell has argued on multiple occasions that the shroud’s spotty historical record and too-perfect image strongly suggest a counterfeit.
On the other end of the religious spectrum, former high-school teacher and Catholic religious speaker David Roemer believes in Jesus’ resurrection, but not the shroud’s authenticity. The image is too clear and the markings said to be blood aren’t smeared as they would be if the cloth had covered a corpse, Roemer told LiveScience.
“When you get an image this detailed, it means it was done by some kind of a human being,” Roemer said.
Unlike many “shroudies,” as believers are deprecatingly called, Roemer suspects the shroud was deliberately created by Gnostic sects in the first or second century. A common religious explanation for the markings is that a flash of energy or radiation accompanied Christ’s resurrection, “burning” his image onto the cloth.
If anything is certain about de Wesselow’s hypothesis, it’s that it is not likely to settle the shroud controversy. Scientific examinations of the delicate cloth are few and far between – and so are disinterested parties. Roemer, for example, recently arrived at a scheduled talk at a Catholic church in New York only to find the talk had been canceled when the priest learned of Roemer’s shroud skepticism. (The Catholic Church has no official position on the shroud’s authenticity.)
Meanwhile, de Wesselow said, people who aren’t driven by faith to accept the cloth as real generally don’t care about the shroud at all.
“The intellectual establishment, if you like, is not interested in shroud science,” he said. “It regards it as fringe and it’s not interested.”